1656 – The first Quakers arrived, in Boston.  Mary Fisher and Ann Austin were immediately arrested.
    1730 - The most populous area of colonial America was New England, with 275,000 Europeans.  By 1760, this number rose to 425,000, and at the close of the revolution, to 800,000.
    1733 - Forty Jews, admitted to Georgia colony by its proprietors, settled in Savannah.
    1776 – The Continental Congress, sitting as a committee, met to debate a resolution submitted by Virginia delegate Richard Henry Lee on June 7. The resolution stated that the United Colonies “are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States.” The committee voted for the motion and, on July 2 in formal session took the final vote for independence.
    1778 - The first foreign diplomat accredited to the U.S., Conrad Alexandre Gerard, arrived in America. He had been appointed by King Louis XVI of France. The tide of the Revolutionary War changed when France not only lent the new colonies money, but officers, soldiers, arms, and ships. At Yorktown, the victory that won the war, Frenchman outnumbered Americans almost three to one! Washington had 11,000 men engaged in the battle, while the French had at least 29,000 soldiers and sailors. The 37 French ships-of-the-line played a crucial role in trapping the 8,700 strong British army and winning the engagement.
    1792 - A tremendous storm (a tornado or hurricane) hit Philadelphia and New York City.  Many young people drowned while out boating on that Sunday.
    1800 - The earliest recorded Methodist camp meeting in America was held in Logan County Kentucky, near the Gaspar River Church.
    1807 - Birthday of Thomas Green Clemson (1807-88), the man for whom Clemson University was named, at Philadelphia, PA. The mining engineer and agriculturist married John C. Calhoun's daughter, Anna. Clemson bequeathed the old Calhoun plantation to South Carolina and Clemson Agricultural College, now Clemson University, was founded there in 1889.  http://www.clemson.edu/welcome/history/
    1835 - The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad made its trial run from Baltimore, MD, to Washington, DC, starting railroad service to the nation’s capital.
    1847 - The first US postage stamps were issued by the US Post Office, a 5 cent stamp picturing Benjamin Franklin and a 10 cent stamp honoring George Washington. Stamps had been issued by private postal services in the US prior to this date. 
(last part of:  http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jul01.html )
    1852 - The first body to lie in state in the US Capitol rotunda was that of Senator Henry Clay, who died in Washington, DC, at the age of 75 on June 29, 1852.  His body was placed in the rotunda, where it was displayed for the public to pay their respects, prior to interment in Lexington Cemetery, Lexington, KY.
    1859 - Amherst and Williams played the first intercollegiate baseball game, with Amherst winning, 73-32. The next day Williams evened the score by defeating Amherst in a chess match. 
http://www.henryclay.org/hc.htm 
    1861 – The first public schoolhouse opens at Washington & Mason St, San Francisco.
    1862 - Congress outlaws polygamy (1st time);  “an act  to punish and prevent the practice of polygamy in the territories of the United Sates and other places, and disapproving and annulling certain acts of the legislative assembly of the territory of Utah.”  Most of the settlers in Utah belonged to the Mormon Church (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints), which encouraged men to marry multiple wives.  Little effort was made to enforce this law. The first anti-polygamy law with teeth was the act of March 22, 1883, known as the Edmunds law, which defined simultaneous marriages as bigamy and prescribed loss of citizenship as a penalty.  It legitimized children born in polygamy before January 1, 1883.
    1862 – The final day  of the 7 days - Battle of Malvern Hill  
http://petersburgcityguard.tripod.com/map5mhattacks.htm 
http://members.ismi.net/mmcwr/battle/malvern_hill.html 
http://www.gettysburgguide.com/fight.html 
http://www2.cr.nps.gov/abpp/battles/va021.htm 
    1862 - The Bureau of Internal Revenue was established by an act of Congress. The same day, President Abraham Lincoln signed into law a bill levying a 3 percent income tax on annual incomes of $600—$10,000, and 5 percent on incomes of more than $10,000. The revenues were to help pay for the Civil War. This tax law actually went into effect, unlike an earlier law passed August 5, 1861, making it the first income tax levied by the US. It was rescinded in 1872.
    1862 - The Morrill Land Grant Act was passed.  This federal legislation led to the creation of the Land Grant universities and Agricultural Experiment Stations in each state.
    1863 - The Battle of Gettysburg, the largest of the war, began where General Robert E. Lee made a desperate bid to smash through Union forces and approach Washington, D.C. from the west.  After the Southern success at Chancellorsville, VA, Lee led his forces on an invasion of the North, initially targeting Harrisburg, PA. As Union forces moved to counter the invasion, the battle lines were eventually formed at Gettysburg, PA, in one of the Civil War's most crucial and bloodiest battles. This was a turning point in the war.  Quite by accident, and not foreseen by General Lee, General George G. Meade stumbled upon the advance accidentally at Gettysburg, Pa.  Lee's assaults on federal positions, trying to move out of this encounter, brought extremely heavy losses to both sides. On the climactic third day of the battle (July 3), Lee ordered an attack on the center of the Union line, later to be known as Pickett's Charge. When the famous charge of Gen. George E. Pickett's division failed, with one unit leaving 3393 out of 4800 men dead or wounded on the field, the battle was lost by the South. The 15,000 rebels were repulsed, ending the Battle of Gettysburg. On July 4, both sides were exhausted.  On July 5, Lee's army retreated, listing more than one-third of the troops as casualties in the failed invasion, never to return to northern territory.  Union General George Meade initially failed to pursue the retreating rebels, allowing Lee's army to escape across the rain-swollen Potomac River. He felt ill prepared for the action, particularly after initiating the battle without preparation and in “surprise.”  Historians say he missed an opportunity. They were not there, but made this observation primarily because Meade was not a very good tactician or leader of men. His men labeled him “timid” and used a stronger word we can't print here.  The South suffered 30,000 killed, wounded, or missing.  The North, 23,000.   
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jul01.html 
http://www.fredericksburg.com/Movies/2001/072001/Gettysburg_T1 
http://www.gettysburg.com/ 
a key to the victory at Gettysburg
http://www.civilwarhome.com/buforddefense.htm 
    1869 - US mint at Carson City, Nevada opens 
http://www.tulving.com/carsonct.html 
    1869 - William Strunk, Jr, American author and educator, born in Cincinnati.  A professor of English at Cornell University, he authored “The Elements of Style” (1918). After revision and enlargement by his former student E.B. White, it became a highly influential guide to correct English usage during the late 20th century, commonly called Strunk & White.  It remains prominent now into the 21st century.       
    1870 – The US Department of Justice is created.  The Attorney General was initially a one-person, part-time job established by the Judiciary Act of 1789.  In 1869, the House Committee on the Judiciary conducted an inquiry into the creation of a "Law department" headed by the Attorney General and composed of the various department solicitors and US Attorneys. On February 19, 1868, a bill was introduced in Congress to create the Department of Justice. This first bill was unsuccessful, however, as time to ensure its passage was consumed with the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson.  A second bill was introduced to Congress by Representative Thomas Jenckes of Rhode Island on February 25, 1870, and both it was passed by both houses.   President Grant then signed the bill into law on June 22, 1870.
    1874 - The first zoo in the US, the Philadelphia Zoological Society, opened.  Three thousand visitors traveled by foot, horse and carriage, and steamboat to visit the exhibits.  Price of admission was 25 cents for adults and 10 cents for children.  There were 1,000 animals in the zoo when it opened
http://www.phillyzoo.org 
    1876 - Birthday of Susan Keating Glaspell (1876 -1948) at Davenport, IA.  Novelist and playwright who won the 1930 Pulitzer Prize for her play, “Allison's House”. She wrote no further plays but continued to write novels that examined women's struggles with biology, conservative mores, and other influences on her freedom and happiness. Her early stories were steeped in the Iowa of her childhood and after the success of her first novel, she resettled in New York, married a wealthy home-town boy, and lived and romped in Greenwich Village. The bulk of her noteworthy writing was done after his death in 1924. She remarried briefly.
    1879 – Charles Taze Russell published the first edition of the religious magazine “The Watchtower”.
    1881 – US Assay Office in St Louis, Missouri opens for the World’s Fair Exposition. 
http://www.ustreas.gov/education/fact-sheets/currency/prod-facilities.html 
    1881 - The world's first international telephone call is made between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada, and Calais, ME, United States.
    1889 - Frederick Douglass named Minister to Haiti 
http://www.frederickdouglass.org/douglass_bio.html 
    1890 - 2,000 Census Bureau clerks began the daunting task of tallying the results of the country's 11th census, aided for the first time by mechanical calculating devices. Some 45,000 census counters had spent the entire month of June counting America's 60 million-plus population, using hole punches to record the results of their surveys by punching out designated spots on the card, like a train conductor punches a ticket. Later, those cards were counted by a tabulating machine invented by 29-year-old Herman Hollerith. Hollerith's counting machine had soundly beaten other proposed counting methods in a contest sponsored by the Census Bureau. Hollerith later founded the Tabulating Machine Company, which, through a series of mergers and reorganizations, eventually became IBM.
    1893 - President Grover Cleveland boarded the yacht Oneida for surgery to be performed in secret on a cancerous growth in his mouth. As this was during the 1893 depression, secrecy was thought desirable to avoid further panic by the public. The whole left side of Cleveland's jaw was removed as well as a small portion of his soft palate. A second, less extensive operation was performed July 17. He was later fitted with prosthesis of vulcanized rubber that he wore until his death on June 24, 1908. A single leak of the secret was plugged by Cleveland's Secretary of War, Daniel Lamont, the only member of the administration to know about the surgery. The illness did not become public knowledge until an article appeared Sept 22, 1917, in the Saturday Evening Post, written by William W. Keen, who assisted in the surgery.
    1893 - Walter White (1893-1955), who headed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) for over 20 years, was born in Atlanta. Of mixed race with African and European ancestry on both sides, White had features showing his European ancestry. He emphasized in his autobiography, “A Man Called White” (p. 3): "I am a Negro. My skin is white, my eyes are blue, my hair is blond. The traits of my race are nowhere visible upon me." White oversaw the plans and organizational structure of the fight against public segregation. He worked with President Truman on desegregating the armed forces after the Second World War and gave him a draft for the Executive Order to implement this. Under White's leadership, the NAACP set up the Legal Defense Fund, which raised numerous legal challenges to segregation and disfranchisement, and achieved many successes. Among these was the Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), which determined that segregated education was inherently unequal. White also quintupled NAACP membership to nearly 500,000.
    1898 - Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders, a collection of Western cowboys and Eastern blue bloods officially known as the First U.S. Voluntary Cavalry, charged up San Juan Hill. The U.S. Army Fifth Corps fought its way to Santiago’s outer defenses, and on July 1, U.S. General William Shafter ordered an attack on the village of El Caney and San Juan Hill. Shafter hoped to capture El Caney before besieging the fortified heights of San Juan Hill, but the 500 Spanish defenders of the village put up a fierce resistance and held off 10 times their number for most of the day. Although El Caney was not secure, some 8,000 Americans pressed forward toward San Juan Hill. Hundreds fell under Spanish gunfire before reaching the base of the heights, where the force split up into two flanks to take San Juan Hill and Kettle Hill. The Rough Riders were among the troops in the right flank attacking Kettle Hill. When the order was given by Lieutenant John Miley that “the heights must be taken at all hazards,” the Rough Riders, who had been forced to leave their horses behind because of transportation difficulties, led the charge up the hills. The Rough Riders and the black soldiers of the 9th and 10th Cavalry regiments were the first up Kettle Hill, and San Juan Hill was taken soon after. From the crest, the Americans found themselves overlooking Santiago, and the next day they began a siege of the city. On July 3, the Spanish fleet was destroyed off Santiago by U.S. warships under Admiral William Sampson, and on July 17, the Spanish surrendered the city–and thus Cuba–to the Americans. 
(Bottom half of: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jul01.html )
    1899 - In Wisconsin, the Gideons were founded by three traveling businessmen. They placed their first Bibles in 1908 at the Superior Hotel in Iron Mountain, Montana.   http://www.gideons.org/ 
    1899 - Birthday of Thomas A. Dorsey (1899-1993), the father of gospel music, at Villa Rica, GA.   Originally a blues composer, Dorsey eventually combined blues and sacred music to develop gospel music.  It was Dorsey's composition, “Take My Hand, Precious Lord” that Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., had asked to have performed just moments before his assassination.  Dorsey composed more than 1,000 gospel songs and hundreds of blues songs in his lifetime. http://www.allmusic.com/cg/x.dll?p=amg&sql=B141510 
    1902 – Birthday of William Wyler (1902-81), American motion picture director, at Mulhausen, Alsace, in the German Empire (present-day France).  Notable works included “Ben-Hur” (1959), “The Best Years of Our Lives” (1946), and “Mrs. Miniver” (1942), all of which won Academy Awards for Best Director, as well as Best Picture in their respective years.  Other popular Wyler films include “Funny Girl” (1968), “How to Steal a Million” (1966), “Wuthering Heights” (1939), “Jezebel” (1938), and “Hell’s Heroes” (1930). 
    1902 - Playing his first game for the Philadelphia A’s, Rube Waddell faced the minimum 27 batters, blanking the Orioles, 2-0. The 25-year old southpaw struck out the side three times:  in the 3rd (on just nine pitches) 6th, and 9th innings. C Ossee Schreckengost threw out the two baserunners.
    1903 - A strong tornado just 50 to 75 yards in width killed many persons around the Gainesville, GA Cotton Mill. The tornado strengthened and widened near the end of its four mile path, killing 40 persons at New Holland, GA. A total of 104 persons were killed in the tornado.
    1903 - Irna Phillips (1903-73), U.S. radio script writer, who developed the genre of the radio and TV soap opera, was born in Chicago. Starting with a ten-minute drama on a Chicago radio station (it tried to block her further progress), in 1932, she sold a similar program to the networks and the Queen of the Soaps was on her way. She wrote a dozen different shows and by 1943, she had five daily shows going at one time including the enduring “Guiding Light”, hiring a staff of writers for the daily scripting. When TV destroyed the careers of so many writers, IP moved easily into the format starting with “Guiding Light”, (1952), “As the World Turns” (1956), and “Days of Our Lives” (1965), the most famous radio and TV soap operas of history. Her writing was superior and many have mourned the passing of her higher standards. 
http://us.imdb.com/Name?Phillips,+Irna 
    1908 - Birthday of Estee Lauder (1908-2004) in Corona, Queens, NYC.  She learned sales at the family hardware store, was introduced to beauty products by her uncle, a skin specialist from whom she learned to manufacture and develop skin creams. She started by giving free demonstrations and a small gift to customers. As her business burgeoned, she divorced and later remarried her former husband who agreed to run the factory which produced the Lauder beauty products while she did the promotions, marketing, and sales. She personally opened all Lauder outlets and hired the staff which was to reflect her standards of physical attractiveness as well as a balanced personality. http://www.elcompanies.com/company/timeline/history.html 
    1908 – SOS was adopted as the international distress signal.
    1910 - The Chicago White Sox opened their new home originally called White Sox Park and later called Comiskey Park, losing to the St. Louis Browns, 2-0.  Barney Pelty pitched the shutout for the Browns.
    1910 - The Ward Baking Company, Chicago, IL, started the first automated bread factory.  The dough was not touched nor the bread handled except when it was placed on the wrapping machine. In 1917, Taggart Baking Company of Indianapolis, IN began distribution to Mary Maid stores of a one-pound loaf.  The first bagel baker was Lender's Bakery, which opened in 1927, in West Haven, CT.   The owner was Harry Lender, who had just arrived from Lublin, Poland.  Lender's introduced the first frozen bagels in 1963.  By the way, the first frozen bread was offered to stores on November 3, 1942, by Arnold Bakers, Port Chester, NY.
    1913 - Birthday of Jo Sinclair (1913-95) was born Ruth Seid in Brooklyn. She was an American novelist who earned awards and critical praise for her novels about race relations and the struggles of immigrant families in America. Her first novel, “Wasteland”, won the $10,000 Harper & Brothers prize for the best study of an aspect of U.S. life. (Cleveland). 
http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/sinclair-jo
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-url/ 
index=books&field-author=Sinclair%2C%20Jo/002-2909458-5798421 
http://www.davka.org/who/avrunin/fannie/ruthseidmore.html 
http://www.davka.org/who/avrunin/fannie/ruthseid.html 
http://www.glbtq.com/literature/jewish_am_lit.html 
    1914 - Earle Warren’s (1914-94) birthday in Springfield, OH.  From 1937-45, he was lead alto sax player, band manager for the Count Basie Band.
http://www.centrohd.com/biogra/w1/earle_warren_b.htm 
    1915 - Blues legend Willie Dixon (1915-92) was born at Vicksburg, MS. He moved to Chicago in 1936 and began his career as a musician with the Big Three Trio. With the advent of instrument amplification, Dixon migrated away from his acoustic upright bass into producing and songwriting with Chess Studios, where he became one of the primary architects of the classic Chicago sound in the 1950s. His songs were performed by Elvis Presley, the Everly Brothers, the Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin, the Doors, Cream, the Yardbirds, Aerosmith, Jimi Hendrix and the Allman Brothers, among others. http://afgen.com/dixon.html 
    1916 - Olivia De Havilland was born in Tokyo to British parents.  She and her younger sister, actress Joan Fontaine, moved to California in 1919. U.S. actor won Academy Awards for her work in “To Each His Own” (1946) and “The Heiress” (1949). However, she is probably best known for her role as Melanie in “Gone With the Wind” (1939). Her suit against a contract she had signed as a beginning actor broke the film studios lifetime monopoly on contract actors. It limited acting contracts to seven years, including suspensions. Her sister was Joan Fontaine (10-22-1917) who also won an Academy Award. The sisters were never friendly. De Havilland grew up in
Los Gatos and Saratoga, visiting often, as she had many friends here and
was quite the local celebrity to have to parties.
    1916 - Dwight D. Eisenhower married Mary "Mamie" Geneva Doud in Denver.  
    1916 - At age 42 years and 4 months, Honus Wagner became the oldest player to hit an inside-the-park HR, connecting for the Pirates in the 4th inning at Cincinnati.
    1917 - Race riots in East St Louis, Illinois (40 to 200 reported killed).
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/garvey/peopleevents/e_estlouis.html 
http://www.eslarp.uiuc.edu/ibex/archive/nunes/esl%20history/race_riot.html
http://www.builtstlouis.net/eaststlouis/eaststl01.html 
http://www.cs.umb.edu/jfklibrary/coolidge_felzenberg.html 
http://www.personal.utulsa.edu/~marc-carlson/riot/oldriots.html 
http://library.wustl.edu/units/spec/archives/guides/urban.html 
    1917 – The Redlegs’ Fred Toney pitched both games of a doubleheader, beating the Pirates, 4-1 and 5-1. He walked one and allowed three hits in each game, the fewest hits allowed by any pitcher winning two games in one day.
    1920 - Suzanne Lenglen (1899-1938) of France became the first woman tennis player to win three Wimbledon championships in the same year.  She won the singles titles, the doubles, and the mixed doubles.
http://www.xrefer.com/entry/172914 
http://perso.club-internet.fr/bmarcore/tennis/champions/lenglen/Lenglen.html 
    1920 – The Senators’ Walter Johnson pitched his first no-hitter, beating the Red Sox at Fenway. An error by Bucky Harris cost him a perfect game, but Harris's hit drives in Washington’s only run. The next day, Johnson comes up with the first sore arm of his life and is useless for the rest of the year, finishing 8-10.
    1921 - The first sales tax enacted by a state became effective in West Virginia.  The rate was one-fifth of 1 percent of the gross income of banks, street railroads, telephones, telegraph, express and electric light and power retailers, and two-fifths of 1 percent on timber, oil, coal, natural gas, and other minerals.  Payments could be made to the state quarterly or annually.  It replaced a tax on corporate net income.
    1921 - Canadian country singer Stu Davis (1921-2007), whose real name was David Stewart, was born in Boggy Creek, Saskatchewan. He and his brother Fred teamed up in 1939 to perform as the Harmony Boys on Regina radio station CKCK. Stu Davis later became known as "Canada's Cowboy Troubador," and made appearances in the late 1940's on NBC radio's "National Barn Dance" from Chicago and the "Grand Ole Opry." Davis signed with London Records in 1956, making 15 LP's for the label.  In 1968, Davis, already a veteran of several TV shows, narrated the 13-part CBC TV documentary history of Western Canada, "Trail-Riding Troubador." Eddy Arnold took Stu Davis's song "What A Fool I Was" to number two on the Billboard country chart in 1948.
http://countrymusicnews.ca/news.ihtml?step=2&article_id=315 
    1922 - The Great Railroad Strike of 1922 began.  Seven of the sixteen unions in existence at the time struck into August before collapsing. Approximately 11 people, mostly strikers and their family members, were killed in connection with the strike. The collective action of some 400,000 workers in the summer of 1922 was the largest railroad work stoppage since the Pullman Strike of 1894 and the biggest American strike of any kind since the Great Steel Strike of 1919.  In 1922 the Railroad Labor Board approved another cut in wages, this time a cut of 7 cents an hour targeted to railway repair and maintenance workers — a reduction representing a loss of an average of 12% for these workers.  The National Guard was called out on a state-by-state basis by various state governors to undermine the strike effort.  President Warren Harding proposed a settlement on July 28 which would have granted little to the labor unions, but the railroad companies rejected the compromise despite interest from the desperate workers. Attorney General Harry Daugherty, who opposed the unions, pushed for national action against the strike, and on September 1, a federal judge issued a sweeping injunction against striking, assembling, picketing, and a variety of other union activities, colloquially known as the "Daugherty Injunction". Richard Saunders Jr. referred to the injunction as "... One of the most extreme pronouncements in American history, violating any number of constitutional guarantees of free speech, free speech and free assembly. (But) it effectively broke the strike."
    1931 – United Airlines begins service as Boeing Air Transport.
    1934 – Birthday of actor Jamie Farr, Cpl. Klinger of M*A*S*H fame, in Toledo, OH as Jameel Joseph Farah.
    1934 - An American film director, producer and actor, Sidney Pollack (1934-2008), was born in Lafayette, IN.  Some of his best known works include “Jeremiah Johnson” (1972), “The Way We Were” (1973), “Three Days of the Condor” (1975) and “Absence of Malice” (1981). His 1985 film “Out of Africa” won him Academy Awards for directing and producing.  He was also nominated for Best Director Oscars for “They Shoot Horses, Don’t They?” and “Tootsie”, in the latter of which he also appeared. His later films included “Havana” (1990), “The Firm” (1993), “Sabrina” (1995), “The Interpreter” (2005), and as producer for and actor in “Michael Clayton” (2007). 
    1935 - Benny Goodman and his band recorded the "King Porter Stomp" for Victor (Vi 25090). Often I play a series of how this song evolved, starting with Jelly Roll Morton, then Louis Armstrong, Benny Goodman, and finally, Gil Evans: “New Bottle, Old Wine” great album (one of my favorites). 
http://perso.club-internet.fr/barybary/159.htm 
    1935 – Yankees OF George “Twinkletoes” Selkirk suggested a cinder path, 6 feet wide, be installed in the outfield so a player knows when he is nearing the wall.  This is now standard in all ballparks nationwide.
    1936 – Famous Amos, Wally Amos, was born in Tallahassee, FL.  A real American success story.  As an Air Force veteran who worked as a talent agent with the William Morris Agency, he would send home-baked chocolate chip cookies to celebrities to entice them to meet with him and maybe sign a deal to be represented by the William Morris Agency.  On March 10, 1975, Amos took the advice of some friends and opened a cookie store in Los Angeles, naming it "Famous Amos". In the first year, he sold $300,000 worth of cookies, followed by more than $1,000,000 in sales in the store's second year of operation.  The Famous Amos brand is now part of Kellogg’s.
    1940 – President Roosevelt signs another Navy bill providing for the construction of 45 more ships and providing $550,000,000 to finance these and other projects.
    1941 - The Federal Communications Commission allowed 18 stations to begin broadcasting “television”. Only two were ready: the New York stations owned by NBC and CBS.
    1941 - Twyla Tharp was born in Portland, IN.   She is perhaps today best known for “Movin' Out”, an award winning Broadway musical featuring the songs of Billy Joel.  A brilliant and major innovator in dance, she has combined tap, ballet, jazz, and social dancing in choreographing much acclaimed ballets, musical products, Broadway, and Hollywood films to modern music themes such as the “Sinatra Suite”. She was also much admired as a dancer.
    1941 - The few fans watching the Brooklyn Dodgers’ game on WNBT witnessed the first television advertisement ever broadcast.  For 10 seconds before the first pitch of the game, the screen showed the image of a clock superimposed over a map of the United States. A voice then stated "America runs on Bulova time"….and no, Vin Scully had not yet begun the play-by-play!!!
    1942 - Birthday of Andrae Crouch in San Francisco.  African-American sacred music artist. His most enduring gospel songs have been 'Soon and Very Soon,' 'My Tribute' and 'Through It All.'
http://www.one-way.org/jesusmusic/crouch.htm 
http://www.gospelcity.com/artists/a_crouch.html 
http://patriot.net/~crouch/tree/andrae.html 
http://www.jamsline.com/b_crouch.htm 
    1943 - "Pay-as-you-go" income tax withholding began.
    1944 – Delegates from 44 countries began meeting at Bretton Woods, N.H., where they agreed to establish the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. The US hosted the conference to deal with international monetary and financial problems. In 1997, Catherine Caufield wrote “Masters of Illusion: The World Bank and the Poverty of Nations.” The Bretton Woods institutions also include the United Nations and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (renamed the World Trade organization). The agreement was a gold exchange standard and only the US was required to convert its currency into gold at a fixed rate, and only foreign central banks were allowed the privilege of redemption.
    1945 – Some 550 B-29 Superfortress bombers — the greatest number yet to be engaged — drop 4000 tons of incendiary bombs on the Kure naval base, Shimonoseki, Ube and Kumanoto, on western Kyushu.  They kill more people and do more damage than the two atomic bombs.
    1946 – Birthday of rock singer Deborah Harry (Blondie), in Miami, FL.  She was adopted by Catherine and Richard Smith Harry, gift shop proprietors in Hawthorne, NJ, where she was raised.
    1948 – The Major League debut of Roy Campanella, catching Ralph Branca. Campy doubled in his first at-bat, add two singles, but the Giants won 6 - 4.
    1949 - One of TV's first popular sitcoms, “I Remember Mama” told the story of a Norwegian family living in San Francisco in 1911. I remember watching this show with my parents. It aired live through 1956; after it was cancelled, a second, filmed version lasted only 13 weeks. Cast members included Peggy Wood, Judson Laire, Rosemary Rice, Dick Van Patten. 
http://www.yesterdayland.com/popopedia/memories/ 
show_mem.php?ID=PT1001 
http://www.classicthemes.com/50sTVThemes/themePages/ 
mama.html#anchor2424000 
    1950 - Top Hits
“Bewitched” - The Gordon Jenkins Orchestra (vocal: Mary Lou Williams)
“My Foolish Heart” - The Gordon Jenkins Orchestra (vocal: Eileen Wilson)
“I Wanna Be Loved” - The Andrews Sisters
“Why Don't You Love Me” - Hank Williams
    1951 - Bob Feller set a baseball record as he pitched his third no-hitter for the Cleveland Indians, tying the record of Cy Young and Larry Corcoran, as he beat Detroit, 2-1.  The record is held now by Nolan Ryan who threw 7.
    1952 - “The Liberace Show” premiered on TV.  A pianist known for his outrageous style and candelabra on his piano, Liberace hosted popular shows in the ‘50s and 60's. The first premiered on KLAC-TV in Los Angeles and went national in 1953.  My father came to Hollywood in 1955 to become a producer/story writer for Ziv TV.  Among the “products” developed were “Highway Patrol,” “Cisco Kid” and a half-hour syndicated series with Liberace featuring his brother George as violist and orchestra leader. 
http://us.imdb.com/Bio?Liberace 
    1952 - Birthday of Dan Aykroyd (Elwood Blues of the Blues Brothers), Ottawa, Ontario.
http://csce.uark.edu/~ariggin/elwood.htm 
http://www.nederpoparchief.nl/bluesbrothers/elwood.html 
http://www.nederpoparchief.nl/bluesbrothers/main.html 
http://www.burnet.edu.au/htblues/transcript 
http://members.aol.com/carguy218/elwood.html
    1956 - The Highway Revenue Act of 1956 was put into effect by Congress, outlining a policy of taxation with the aim of creating a fund for the construction of over 42,500 miles of interstate highways over a period of 13 years.   The law was enacted on June 29, 1956, when President Eisenhower signed the bill into law. The push for a national highway system began many years earlier, when the privately funded construction of the Lincoln Highway began in 1919. President Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945) did much to set into motion plans for a federally funded highway system, but his efforts were halted by the outbreak of World War II.  At a time when the total federal budget approached $71 billion, Eisenhower's plan called for $50 billion over 13 years for highways. To pay for the project, a system of taxes, relying heavily on the taxation of gasoline, was implemented. Legislation has extended the Interstate Highway Revenue Act three times. Today consumers pay 18.3¢ per gallon on gasoline.  [Footnote:  According to the book, “Ike”, when he was put in charge of logistics for the US Army during and shortly after World War I, he became frustrated at the poor and often unpaved conditions of roads across the country, exacerbating the movement of materiel for any great distances.  It was from this experience that Eisenhower began to formulate what became the interstate highway system, planned with straight highways for airplanes to land
in emergencies, now named in his honor.]
    1956 - French Grand Prix was held at Reims, France, won by Peter Collins of Great Britain in a Ferrari.
    1956 - NBC's Steve Allen Show capitalizes on the outrage engendered by Elvis Presley's recent version of "Hound Dog" on The Milton Berle Show by winkingly presenting a new, "clean" Elvis, dressed in a tuxedo and singing "Hound Dog" to an actual basset hound perched on a stool. Backstage, a humiliated Elvis explodes in fury at the Colonel for agreeing to the stunt. The next day, however, fans protest the show, demanding "The REAL Elvis."
    1956 - 11-year-old Brenda Lee signed her first recording contract with Decca Records.
    1957 – Sound familiar?  Cincinnati fans threatened to sue Commissioner Ford Frick unless Gus Bell, Wally Post, and George Crowe are restored to the All-Star team. They finished first in the balloting thanks to vote-stuffing by Cincinnati fans, ahead of more deserving players.
    1958 - Top Hits
“Hard Headed Woman” - Elvis Presley
“Yakety Yak” - The Coasters
“Patricia” - Perez Prado
“Guess Things Happen that Way” - Johnny Cash
    1959 - Dave Brubeck Quartet records “ Take Five,” which not only becomes a classic score in 5/4 time, an alto sax Paul Desmond classic, but eventually hits number one on the Billboard, rare for a jazz performance. The album also became a million seller. 
http://www.duke.edu/~smt3/brubeck.htm 
    1961 - Birthday of Frederick Carlton “Carl” Lewis at Birmingham, AL.  US Olympic track & field star (Gold-1984, 1988). 
http://top-biography.com/9160-Carl%20Lewis/ 
    1962 - Gene Vincent plays the Cavern Club in Liverpool, opening for a house band called The Beatles
    1963 - The US Post Office introduced the five-digit zip code.
    1963 – The Beatles recorded “She Loves You” and “I'll Get You” at EMI's Abbey Road Studios. “She Loves You” would become their second number-one hit in both Britain and the US.  Can you name their first hit? (Don’t cheat by using Google.)
    1965 - Undersecretary of State George Ball submits a memo to President Lyndon B. Johnson titled "A Compromise Solution for South Vietnam." It began bluntly: "The South Vietnamese are losing the war to the Viet Cong. No one can assure you that we can beat the Viet Cong, or even force them to the conference table on our terms, no matter how many hundred thousand white, foreign (U.S.) troops we deploy." Eventually there would be more than 540,000 U.S. troops in South Vietnam.
    1966 - Top Hits
“Paperback Writer” - The Beatles
“Strangers in the Night” - Frank Sinatra
“Red Rubber Ball” - The Cyrkle
“Take Good Care of Her” - Sonny James    
    1966 - The Beatles began a series of concerts at the Budo Kan Hall in Tokyo.  A famous bootleg album, "Three Nights in Tokyo," was made of the Beatles' appearance.
    1966 - The Grateful Dead released their first single, "Don't Ease Me In" backed with "Stealin'."
http://dannyman.toldme.com/lyrics/Grateful_Dead/Stealin'.html 
    1967 – The Beatles' "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Band” goes #1 for 15 weeks 
    1967 - Scott McKenzie scored his first hit with the single, "San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair)". The song became an anthem for the Love Generation and the young people of flower power during 1967’s Summer of Love. McKenzie also co-wrote a hit for the Beach Boys in 1988, called "Kokomo." His songs, "San Francisco" and "Like an Old Time Movie", were written and produced by John Phillips of The Mamas and The Papas, who named his daughter, Mackenzie, for his friend.
    1967 - The Jefferson Airplane's "White Rabbit" entered the Billboard chart, where it eventually reached #8. 
    1967 – Pamela Anderson, “Baywatch”, was born in Ladysmith, British Columbia.
    1968 – Formal separation of the UAW from the CIO.
    1968 - The Pennsylvania Supreme Court voided the Muncy Law that required women to serve longer prison terms - often 2.5 times longer - than men who are convicted of the same crime. The successful appeal was handled by attorneys of the National Organization for Women. More recently, a number of states including New York and California have made studies ordered by their supreme courts and found that women are still sentenced to longer terms for the *same* crimes as men. The practice is said to be pervasive. (Paula C. Johnson provided this citation: Carolyn Engel Temin, Discriminatory Sentencing of Women Offenders: The Argument for ERA in a Nutshell, 11 Amer. Crim. L. Rev. 355 (1973).)
    1969 - Legendary producer Sam Phillips (1923-2003) sells his Sun Records Studio in Memphis.
    1970 - Casey Kasem (1932-2014) begins his weekly Billboard countdown on the nationally syndicated radio show American Top 40.
    1971 - Jethro Tull's first US Top Ten album, "Aqualung" is awarded a Gold record. 
    1971 - The Twenty-Sixth Amendment to the Constitution was ratified, granting the right to vote in all federal, state and local elections to all persons 18 years or older.  On the date of ratification, the US gained an additional 11 million votes.  Up until this time, the minimum voting age was set by the states, in most states it was 21.  A primary mover of this initiative was the fact that the Vietnam War raged on and 18 year-olds were dying for a country for which they could not participate in the democratic process.
    1972 - Neil Diamond went to the top spot on the Billboard singles chart with "Song Sung Blue", his second US #1. The tune made it to number 14 in the UK. 
    1972 - The first African-American Navy admiral was Samuel Lee Gravely, Jr. of Richmond, VA.
    1973 - Golfer Bruce Crampton tied for fourth place in the Western Open golf tournament, bringing his career earnings to over a million dollars. Crampton became the first non-American golfer to reach that mark. He became the fifth golfer to make over a million dollars in career earnings. The others were Arnie Palmer, Billy Casper, Jack Nicklaus and Lee Trevino. 
    1972 - The rock musical "Hair" closed on Broadway after 1,729 performances. It had opened at the Biltmore Theatre on April 28th, 1968. The music for "Hair" was written by Montreal native Galt McDermott.
http://www.geocities.com/hairpages/ 
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000002W1S/ 
inktomi-musicasin-20/002-2909458-5798421 
    1973 - "Jesus Christ Superstar" closed in New York City after 720 performances on Broadway. The cast album quickly became a million-seller. 
    1974 - Top Hits
“Sundown” - Gordon Lightfoot
“Be Thankful for What You Got” - William DeVaughn
“If You Love Me (Let Me Know)” - Olivia Newton-John
“Room Full of Roses” - Mickey Gilley
    1975 - Captain & Tennille get their first gold record with "Love Will Keep Us Together". The album will eventually sell 2 1/2 million copies and win a Grammy for Record of the Year.  Alas, love failed to keep them together as they divorced after 39 years of marriage in Jan, 2014.
    1976 - Kenneth Gibson, Mayor of Newark, NJ, is the first African-American president of US Conference of Mayors.
    1979 - Sony introduced the Walkman under the name Soundabout, selling for $200. It had been released in Japan six months earlier. More than 185 million have been sold.
    1979 - Susan B. Anthony, an activist for the cause of women's suffrage, was commemorated on a U.S. coin, the Susan B. Anthony dollar. The coin, roughly the size of a quarter, was confused by many with the quarter and the U.S. Treasury Department eventually stopped producing the Susan B. Anthony dollar. 
    1980 - A man from Falmouth, ME was struck by lightning restoring his eyesight. The man had been blind and partially deaf since a truck accident in 1971
    1981 - Murder by the “Manson Family” of Sharon Tate and three others in Laurel Canyon, Calif.    They were all given death sentences, which was overturned at the time by the Supreme Court, which ruled “life in prison” without parole. 
    1982 - Top Hits
“Ebony and Ivory” - Paul McCartney and Stevie Wonder
“Don't You Want Me” - The Human League
“Rosanna” - Toto
“Slow Hand” - Conway Twitty 
    1984 - The Motion Picture Association of America established the "PG-13" rating.
    1985 - Robin Yount of the Milwaukee Brewers got hit #1,800 of his career, leading the ‘Brew Crew' past the Boston Red Sox 5-1. 
    1985 - “Nick at Night”, the creation of the kids network Nickelodeon, premiered on TV.  Owned and operated by MTV Networks, Nick at Nite presents many of the old classic television series, including “Barney Miller.”   
    1987 - The Grateful Dead's "In the Dark" LP is released.
    1987 - Fleetwood Mac's "Tango" LP is certified platinum while Van Halen's "1984" and ZZ Top's "Eliminator" reach sales of 6 million.
    1987 - The radio station WFAN in New York City is launched as the world's first all-sports radio station.  Preciously it was WNBC, primarily a news station.
    1988 - Twenty-six cities in the north central and northeastern U.S. reported record low temperatures for the date. Lows of 48 degrees at Providence, RI, 48 degrees at Roanoke, VA, 49 degrees at Stratford, CT, and 48 degrees at Wilmington, DE, were records for the month of July. Boston equaled their record for July with a low of 50 degrees. Five inches of snow whitened Mount Washington, NH.
    1989 - Showers and thunderstorms associated with the low pressure system which was once Tropical Storm Allison continued to drench parts of Mississippi, Louisiana and eastern Texas. Late night thunderstorms produced 12.58 inches of rain at Biloxi, MS, in six hours, and 10.73 inches at Gulfport, MS. Flooding in Mississippi over the first six days of the month caused 55 million dollars damage. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data)
    1990 – P Andy Hawkins threw a no-hitter but the Yankees still lost to the White Sox, 4-0, at Comiskey Park.  Hawkins dominated the White Sox into the eighth inning, but after retiring the first two batters, Sammy Sosa reached on a fielding error by Yankees third baseman Mike Blowers. After Hawkins loaded the bases by walking the next two batters, Robin Ventura lofted a fly ball to left field. Rookie Jim Leyritz, fighting a blustery wind, had the ball glance off his glove for an error, allowing all three baserunners to score. The next batter, Ivan Calderone, hit a fly ball to right field, which Jesse Barfield lost in the sun and dropped for another error, allowing Ventura to score.  MLB only recognizes 9 or more inning no-hitters.
    1990 - Top Hits
“Step By Step” - New Kids on the Block
“Do You Remember?” - Phil Collins
“I'll Be Your Shelter” - Taylor Dayne
“Love Without End, Amen” - George Stra
    1991 - “Court TV” premiered.  The continuing evolution of entertainment brought on by the advent of cable television added another twist with the debut of Court TV.  Trials are broadcast in their entirety, with occasional commentary from the channel's anchor desk and switching among several trials in progress. Trials with immense popular interest such as the William Kennedy Smith rape trial, the sentencing hearing of Marlon Brando's son, and the Jeffrey Dahmer and O. J. Simpson trials, are broadcast along with more low-profile cases.
    1997 – The Nevada Athletic Commission suspended Mike Tyson for biting Evander Holyfield.
    1998 - Singer/actress/movie star Barbara Streisand and actor/director James Brolin were married at her Malibu, California home. It was her second marriage (she was previously married to actor Elliot Gould) and his third (he was married to casting agent Jane Agee and actress Jan Smithers). The couple honeymooned on a boat in the nearby Channel Islands off the Santa Barbara coast.
    2000 - On the country's 133rd birthday, a Canada Day pitching matchup features a pair of Canadian starters in Montreal as Florida Marlin Ryan Dempster, a native of British Columbia, defeats Mike Johnson of Edmonton and the Expos, 6-5.
    2000 - Vermont's civil union’s law went into effect, granting gay couples most of the rights, benefits and responsibilities of marriage. 
    2009 - Michael Jackson's untimely death a week earlier sends all his albums back into the Billboard Top Ten, including, at #5, The Jackson 5's Ultimate Collection.
    2011 - In Minnesota, a three-week state government shutdown began after legislators could not agree on a budget.