Surprise! California Asks for a Fourth Modification
for Commercial Financial Disclosure Regulations

In late 2017, California State Senator Steve Glazer introduced SB 1235 which would require commercial lenders in California to disclose the interest rates in their offers and loan documents. This was a first in the United States and it was obvious from the beginning that he would receive both support from some groups and criticism from others.  He faced an uphill battle to reach a consensus between commercial borrowers and commercial lenders. It appears it continues to this day.

Consider that this was passed by the state legislature after many hearings and testimony from many in the financial industry, including the Association, and was then signed into law by former Governor Jerry Brown on September 20, 2018.

The latest DPFI Announcement states, “After consideration of public comments to the modifications to the proposed text on October 12, 2021, the Commissioner is now proposing additional modifications.” (1)

Leasing News Legal Editor Ken Greene remarks, “Comments on the revisions to the proposed regulation text are due again, this time on November 22, 2021.

“At first glance, it does not appear there are many changes in the 49- page document. Still, it is hard to believe the final regulations will be ready for enactment by January 1, 2022 as planned.”

He notes, “Comments on the revisions to the proposed regulation text are due on November 22, 2021. The Notice of Fourth Modifications can be found here:

https://dfpi.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/337/2021/11/Notice-of-Fourth-Modifications.pdf  (11/5/21)

The Fourth Modifications can be found here:
https://dfpi.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/337/2021/11/2021-11-05-Fourth-Modified-Text-SB-1235-Regulations.pdf  (11/5/21)

1. DPFI Commissioner Announcement
   https://leasingnews.org/charts/class8_orders2021.png
   

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SFNet Writes to California Commission on Fourth Modification
By Kenneth C. Greene, Leasing News Legal Editor

In a related matter, the Secured Finance Network (SFNet), formerly known as the Commercial Finance Association, who recently had their 60 Annual Conference with over 1,000 attendance, including virtual readers, gave their comments on Proposed Regulations for implementation of Commercial Financing Disclosure Regulations in a three-page letter.

Richard Gumbrecht, Chief Executive Officer, began the first paragraph by stating that the their "international trade organization was founded in 1944 representing the asset‐based lending, factoring, trade and supply chain finance industries, with 260 member organizations throughout the State of California, the U.S., Canada and around the world,

There are basically two sets of comments. The first concerns the need to issue new disclosures when ABL transaction customers (i.e. those utilizing factoring, merchant cash advances, and other asset-based credit facilities) seek additional financing. SFNet argues, reasonably, that new disclosures do not serve the purpose of the disclosures, which is to enable comparison shopping, but are simply a waste of time and money.

The second argument, also a sensible one, is that there should be a safe harbor provision in all of the disclosure regulations for those who act in good faith but commit technical errors. The Federal Truth-in-Lending Act, which governs consumer lending has safe harbor provisions, so why not include them in the commercial sector? Seems like a good suggestion.

Summation:

1. The need to provide new disclosures for MCA agreements, factoring agreements, and other ABL agreements when the customer requests additional capital. The argument is that the reasons behind the disclosures (the ability to compare offers) are not met by having the original financier provide a second (or third, etc.) set of disclosures, but simply makes for additional, unnecessary paperwork.

2. The safe harbor concept. This would presumably apply to all types of finance companies, traditional or otherwise, if the disclosure requirements are complied with in good faith. The federal consumer TILA has a provision like that, so why not have one in the commercial space.

Letter from Richard Gumbrecht:
https://www.sfnet.com/docs/default-source/tsl-tslexpress/ca_dfpi_sfnetcomment-letter_oct2021.pdf

(Note: Leasing News has not viewed the most current letter from the Equipment Leasing and Finance Association or Equipment Finance and Leasing Foundation. Editor)

Ken Greene
Law Office of Kenneth Charles Greene
5743 Corsa Avenue Suite 208
Westlake Village, California 91362
Tel: 818.575.9095
Fax: 805.435.7464
ken@kengreenelaw.com
Ken Greene Leasing & Finance Observations
https://leasingnews.org/Pages/greene_observations.html

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Most Influential Women in Leasing and Finance
Request for Nominations – Up-Date Terri McNally

Terri McNally, President and Founder of Global Capital updated her biography:

Terri McNally, President and Founder of Global Capital, Ltd., is a former vice-president at Ameritech Capital, Fleet Capital, and GE Capital. She is active in many associations, has won several awards and recognitions, and has served as a speaker at conferences all over the world for over 35 years. She is a member of the International Women’s Forum and is a former member of the Board of Directors for the Women’s Business Enterprise Council (WBENC).  She’s engaged in efforts to train and mentor female business owners in the U.S. On her own, Terri is a frequent speaker around the world on the topics of mentoring female entrepreneurs, developing diverse business communities, entrepreneurship, and finance. Some previous speaking engagements include summits in Mexico City, Dubai, Berlin, and the United Kingdom. In 2010, Terri co-founded Women for Wounded Warriors to help spouses and caregivers of military personnel to receive training, mentorship, and ultimately, economic empowerment. Terri serves on the Board of Directors for the American Cancer Society, North Central Region.

This list was started in 2009 and updated from time to time, including this week as several of those named are now retired.

"Influential" is defined as "a person whose actions and opinions strongly influence the course of events" (Online Dictionary).

Reasons for the nominations should be included. Send nominations to: kitmenkin@leasingnews.org

Current List:
Laurie Bakke
Susan Carol, APR
Valerie Jester
Bette Kerhoulas, CLFP
Shari Lipski, CLFP
Terri McNally
Deborah Monosson
June Sciotto
Marci Kimble-Slagle, CLFP
Rebecca Smith

Full list:
https://leasingnews.org/Pages/influential_women.htm

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Help Wanted Ads

“Why I left my previous employer...”

Career Crossroads by Emily Fitzpatrick/RII

Question: I have heard I should not speak negatively about previous employers …. How do I handle this in an interview when asked why I left my previous employer?

Answer: In an interview NEVER – I repeat – NEVER talk negatively about previous employers or colleagues; choose your words very carefully. If you had a less than positive experience with a previous employer / colleague, how about:

- The position/corporate culture was not a good fit for me
- I did not feel I was being utilized to my full capability

DO NOT give a laundry list of complaints as this will damage your chances of being made an offer. Who wants to hire someone who has a pessimistic attitude! Always be upbeat and spin in a positive light (e.g. I realized that I am looking for a different type of culture) …

The exception to this rule: if you are working with a Recruiter, they should know your hot buttons and assist in finding a situation that will fit your current and future career goals; as such they should be privy to both positive and negative experiences. Recruiters should not be revealing this confidential information to potential employers … discuss with your recruiter and make sure this is the case.

When talking with a HR person or the one who does the hiring, when taking your application or in an interview, this person is JUST as important as the President of the company; no negative talk – period!

Emily Fitzpatrick
Sr. Recruiter
Recruiters International, Inc.
Phone:  954-885-9241
Cell:  954-612-0567
emily@riirecruit.com
Invite me to connect on LinkedIn
www.linkedin.com/pub/emily-fitzpatrick/4/671/76
Also follow us on Twitter #RIIINFO

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Class 8 Fleet Truck Orders Remain Tight
Due to OEM Production Issues

Graph: ACT Research

In October, North American Class 8 orders were down
about 23,600 units, according to ACT Research.

North American Class 8 orders were down about 12% compared with September and about 39% year-over-year to between 23,600 and 24,500 units, according to ACT Research and FTR, respectively.

OEMs are finding it difficult to manage orders that will not get built this year due to component shortages. Production rates in Q1 remain uncertain due to supply chain difficulties and worker availability. OEMs continue to be careful not to overbook fleet orders for the first half of 2022.

Don Ake, FTR’s Vice President of Commercial Vehicles, said “The OEMs are using different methods in managing the backlog. Some are cancelling 2021 orders and rebooking those orders in 2022, sometimes at higher prices, as commodity and other costs remain elevated. Others are only booking a limited number of orders every month.”

Shameek Konar, CEO of Pilot Company, said at the recent American Trucking Associations Management Conference and Exhibition, fleets shared stories of cancelled orders.

He noted Cari Baylor, president of Baylor Trucking, said, "We had 100 percent of our new truck orders cancelled in 2021," despite having relationships with multiple OEMs.

On the same panel discussion, Pilot Flying J reported it had 35% of its 2021 orders cancelled. "It’s not just chips, it’s all kinds of things," o.

The situation means fleets are keeping trucks longer, which is driving up maintenance costs, as is the parts shortage that's affecting the OEMs. Baylor said her company had pre-ordered parts and has been shipping them to dealers to get repairs done on their trucks. She compared the way they're having to swap out parts among trucks to Mr. Potato Head.

Class 8 orders have stayed within the 23,000-28,000-unit range for five of the last six months as OEMs deal with production issues, according to ACT Research officials.

Source:  truckinginfo.com

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Home Sellers Netting Record Profits in Q3
MReport.com

The latest U.S. Home Sales Report from ATTOM has shown that profit margins on median-priced single-family U.S. homes and condos jumped to 47.6% in Q3, hitting highs not seen since the close of the Great Recession nearly a decade ago.

In Q3, the typical U.S. single-family home delivered an average profit of $100,178 per seller, as the national median home sales price hit a record of $310,500. According to ATTOM, profit levels were up from $88,800 in Q2 of 2021 and up from $69,000 year-over-year in Q3 of 2020.

"The third quarter of this year marked another period in a banner year for a housing market boom that's steaming ahead through its 10th year. Prices and seller profits again hit new highs since the market started coming back from the Great Recession in 2012," said Todd Teta, Chief Product Officer at ATTOM. "There have been a couple of small hints of a possible slowdown in recent months, as we head into the normally quiet fall and winter seasons. The pandemic also remains a constant presence that could tamp things down. But, for now, the market engine seems to have nothing but high-octane gas in the tank."

ATTOM found that nationwide, median home prices rose annually in Q3 in 93% of U.S. metropolitan areas, while profit margins increased in 86% of these metros.

CoreLogic’s latest Home Price Index (HPI) and HPI Forecast for September 2021 found that continued high demand for the short supply of homes drove prices upward 18% year-over-year, led by millennials who continue to comprise most of the homebuyer demand.

Typical profit margins analyzed by ATTOM–the percent change between median purchase and resale prices–rose from Q3 of 2020 to Q3 of 2021 in 175 (86%) of 204 metro areas nationwide. Margins also increased from Q2 to Q3 of 2021 in 168 of the 204 metros (82%).

The biggest annual Q3 increases in profit margins were found in the following five markets:

• Boise City, Idaho: up from 61.4% to 130.3% return
• Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire: up from 41.1% to 93.8%
• Augusta, Georgia: up from 19.6% to 56.6%
• Raleigh, North Carolina: up from 30.4% to 67%
• Bellingham, Washington: up from 69.5% to 105.6%

Workers who have the option to work remotely continued to flock to the greater expanses of the Western U.S., as the largest profit margins on typical home sales were led by:

• Boise City, Idaho bringing a 130.3% return)
• Bellingham, Washington bringing a 105.6% return
• Claremont-Lebanon, New Hampshire bringing a 93.8% return
• Spokane, Washington with an 87.7% return
• Prescott, Arizona with an 84.7% return

On the other end of the spectrum, 11 of the 15 smallest profit margins were in the Southern U.S., with the lowest found in:

• Shreveport, Louisiana bringing a 2% return
• Gulfport, Mississippi bringing a 7.4% return
• Columbus, Georgia bringing a 9.9% return
• Atlantic City, New Jersey bringing a 12.4% return
• Brownsville, Texas bringing a 13% return

The biggest Q3 year-over-year increases in median home prices were found in:

• Worcester, Massachusetts, up 42.9%
• Barnstable, Massachusetts, up 32.5%
• Boston, up 28.4%
• Boise, Idaho, up 28.3%
• Lakeland, Florida, up 27.8%

#### Press Release #############################

Air Lease Corporation Third Quarter 2021 Results
Highlights

Air Lease Chief Executive Officer and President John L. Plueger, observed, “Benefiting from an improving airline industry, we had a good quarter, including record high rental revenues, total assets, and lease placements, the lowest composite funding rate in our history, and improved payments from our customers. We clearly see growing demand for new aircraft, especially for single aisle aircraft, and we are back to 2019 levels in terms of proposals being requested by airlines.

“With our conservative and disciplined business model, we have now profitably placed 67% of our order book, despite pandemic challenges, and we remain optimistic in the future of our business and global airline travel.

“Our total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2021 increased by 6.3% to $524.5 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase in total revenues is primarily driven by the continued growth in our fleet as well as an increase in our cash collections.“

Highlights

• Placed a record number of 64 aircraft with lessees, the highest number of aircraft placements in a quarter in ALC history.
• Recorded $520 million of rental revenue during the third quarter, the highest quarterly rental revenue since ALC’s inception.
• Took delivery of 16 aircraft from our order book, representing $808 million in aircraft investments. As of September 30, 2021, we owned 370 aircraft in our operating lease portfolio with a net book value of $22.1 billion, a weighted average age of 4.4 years and a weighted average lease term remaining of 7.0 years.
• Placed 96% of our contracted order book positions on long-term leases for aircraft delivering through the end of 2023 and have placed 67% of our entire order book.
• Ended the quarter with $29.1 billion in committed minimum future rental payments consisting of $14.6 billion in contracted minimum rental payments on the aircraft in our existing fleet and $14.5 billion in minimum future rental payments related to aircraft on order.
• As of November 4, 2021, 54% of the lease deferrals granted have been repaid, representing $138.0 million. This contributed to the 30% increase in our operating cash flow for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Full Press Release:
https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20211104006161/en/Air-Lease-Corporation-Announces-Third-Quarter-2021-Results

##### Press Release ############################ 

 
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##### Press Release ############################

SmartMetric, a Leading FinTech Developer, Has Created
the Next Generation Credit Card With In-Built
Biometric Card Based Validation

NEW YORK--SmartMetric, Inc. (OTCQB: SMME): After years of research and development, SmartMetric has created what is considered to be one of the most advanced and leading-edge next generation products in the Financial Technology sector.

A credit card that has built inside, a fingerprint reader that when you touch a sensor on the surface of the card, scans your fingerprint in less than a second. Your fingerprint is compared with your pre-stored fingerprint inside of the card and when a match occurs your card is turned on. Instant secure user validation that goes beyond the use of a PIN in protecting the use of a credit or debit card making a transaction.

What sets apart the SmartMetric biometric card solution is designed with its own internal power source. This enables the card to function and perform the fingerprint scan prior to the card being inserted in a reader, thereby allowing the card to be used at regular ATMs and in situations where the card is used in places like a restaurant where the card is taken away from the dining table to be processed.

SmartMetric’s President and CEO Chaya Hendrick, said, "When developing the SmartMetric biometric card, we were particularly aware that for its adoption by card issuing Banks and consumers, the card would need to work in all real-life situations in which the public uses cards today." .

The SmartMetric Biometric Card goes beyond using its sub micro electronics inside the card for identity validation of the card user. It has large memory along with a very fast processor making the card an exciting new technology platform for advanced multi applications performed on the credit or debit card, ushering in a new dimension of advanced offerings for credit card issuers.

SmartMetric’s Biometric card addresses the multi- billion existing chip based financial card market.
Figures published by EMVCo 1 reveal that by year end of 2020, 10.8 billion EMV® chip cards have been issued by financial institutions and were in global circulation – a massive increase of nearly 1 Billion credit and debit EMV® cards compared to the previous twelve months.

In addition, EMVCo reports that 86% of all card-present transactions conducted globally use EMV® chip technology. This is based on the data that could be obtained from American Express, Discover, JCB, Mastercard, UnionPay and Visa. It should be noted that, globally, 86.1% of transactions are EMV chip.

SmartMetric foresaw the global adoption of credit and debit cards with chips. It embarked on developing a biometric fingerprint scanner small enough to fit inside a credit card over a decade ago.

The SmartMetric in-the-card fingerprint scanner allows for the card's chip to only work following a successful scan and match of the card users fingerprint. Unlike other biometric cards, the SmartMetric card does not need the card user to go into a bank branch to have their fingerprint stored on their new biometric card. Instead, the SmartMetric Biometric Card allows the card user to enroll their fingerprint when they first receive it at home or business as simply as it is when enrolling your fingerprint on a smartphone.

### Press Release ############################

Labrador Retriever/Pittie Mix
Fort Collins, Colorado Adopt-a-Dog

Aniyah

ID #20211104-01
Female
Eight Months Old
Medium Size when grown
Spayed
Shots Up to Date
House-Trained
Good with Dogs
Good with Kids

Aniyah is a sweet 8month old lab/pittie mix.

Aniyah is the most perfect pittie pup around. She LOVES all staff members and other dogs. She is playful and respectful and knows how to sit. Walks nice on a leash. You can tell how much this girl craves love just by her picture! Aniyah is one of the sweetest little girls. She loves her people, kids, and gets along great with other dogs. She has the sweetest soulful eyes that will melt your heart! This well behaved girl is only 45lb and will be a wonderful companion.

Interested in this pup? The first step is to fill out the adoption application on our website! We are currently scheduling adoption meet/greets by appointment. We are not currently hosting any public adoption events at Petco. Please email allaboardanimalrescue@gmail.com if you have any questions! Our location is 1721 W Harmony unit 102 in Fort Collins Co 80526, we cannot guarantee we will always have available pups staying at our clinic! Most our rescues are in foster homes!

Adoption Application
http://aaanimalrescue.org/

All Aboard Animal Rescue
1721 W Harmony unit 102
Fort Collins Co 80526
(970) 286-9902
allaboardanimalrescue@gmail.com
Website
http://www.aaanimalrescue.org

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Wireless Network Protection
www.netlingo.com

A wireless network transmits information over public airwaves (the same used by television, radio, and cell phones). The signal transmissions actually occur through air rather than through copper or fiber-optic cables. It's hard to conceive at times, but much of our information is traveling via satellites. These networks are supposed to be protected by a built-in security feature (WEP), but it is a known fact that wireless networks can be easily accessed and monitored by outsiders. (They are crackable.)

Tips On How-To Secure Your Wireless Network:

• Enable WPA (Wireless Protected Access) Encryption
 In order to use WPA encryption, your network adapter and router must support it. Most newer ones do, and some have made WPA updates available for older equipment. If you have older devices that you can't update, it is time to replace them.

• Give your Wireless Network a Unique SSID (Security Set Identifier)
 Use a combination of letters and numbers (alphanumeric), such as y0ut00b.

• Change your Router's Default SSID and Password
 Your router also has an SSID and hackers use sniffer programs based on the usual defaults to find wireless networks because they know many users don't change them.

• Disable SSID broadcasting
This feature is enabled by default, which allows it to accept any SSID it encounters from any computer. By turning OFF this feature, the connecting computer's SSID must be the same as the SSID of the router.

•Turn Off Simple File Sharing
 This keeps you safe from spoofing, a practice where hackers use fake access points to trick you into exposing your system to them. After you turn this off, you can still access files and folders on your other computers by configuring individual permissions.

• Turn Off Automatic Connections
 This keeps your computer from automatically connecting to any wireless network it detects, including a malicious or spoofed access point.

• Relocate Your Router
 If your router is located near a window or door, it sends a stronger signal outside, making it easier for bad guys to find your Wi-Fi network.

• Restrict Unnecessary Traffic with a Firewall
 If you frequently use public hotspots, make sure a program such as Windows Firewall is enabled and the exceptions feature is temporarily disabled for communication programs like Windows Messenger. This prevents virus attacks from computers used by less savvy people at the hotspot.

News Briefs---

Boeing directors agree to $237.5 million settlement
    over 737 MAX safety oversight
https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/boeing-directors-agree-2375-million-settlement-over-max-safety-oversight-2021-11-05/

Former VP Sues Rivian Over 'Toxic Bro Culture'
    She Claims Led to Her Firing
https://www.thedrive.com/news/43025/former-vp-sues-rivian-over-toxic-bro-culture-she-claims-led-to-her-firing

Appeals court blocks COVID-19 vaccine
    mandate for larger businesses
https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2021-11-06/appeals-court-stays-vaccine-mandate-on-larger-businesses?utm_id=41484&sfmc_id=1646692

Supply chain stalled by 72,000 truckers
    who failed strict drug tests
https://nypost.com/2021/11/07/supply-chain-stalled-by-72000-truckers-who-failed-drug-tests/

Elon Musk faces a $15 billion tax bill, which is
     likely the real reason he’s selling stock
https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/07/elon-musk-faces-a-15-billion-tax-bill-which-is-likely-the-real-reason-hes-selling-stock.html

 

 

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You May Have Missed---

Customers lament loss of Captain White after 50 years
at the Wharf. Owner says it’s ‘not what we wanted.’
https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2021/11/07/captain-white-seafood-leaves-the-wharf/

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Sports Briefs---

49ers fell to 0-4 at home this season
     by losing to an Arizona Cardinals
https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/11/07/cardinals-31-49ers-17-defensive-miscues-let-colt-mccoy-dominate/

Xavier McKinney’s two huge interceptions
lift Giants to win over Raiders
https://nypost.com/2021/11/07/giants-beat-raiders-thanks-to-xavier-mckinneys-interceptions/

Terry Bradshaw Reprimands Aaron Rodgers for
Lying About Vax Status: ‘I’m Extremely Disappointed’
https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/terry-bradshaw-reprimands-aaron-rodgers-213830409.html

Packers flounder, fall to Chiefs with Aaron Rodgers
ruled out amid COVID-19 saga
https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/packers/2021/11/07/green-bay-packers-kansas-city-chiefs-score-aaron-rodgers-covid/6333880001/

It took a while post Tom Brady, but the Patriots are
back, and they look as good as just about anybody
https://www.bostonglobe.com/2021/11/07/sports/it-took-awhile-post-tom-brady-patriots-are-back-they-look-good-just-about-anybody/

Ravens rally late, sink Vikings in overtime
on Justin Tucker's game-winning field goal
https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/ravens/2021/11/07/baltimore-ravens-minnesota-vikings-score-overtime-justin-tucker/6333053001/

Atlanta Falcons squeeze past New Orleans Saints
on last-second field goal
https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/falcons/2021/11/07/atlanta-falcons-new-orleans-saints-score/6332934001/

Highlights from the 50th New York City Marathon:
Kenyans Dominate as the City Celebrates
https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/11/07/sports/nyc-marathon-live-updates?action=click&module=Well&pgtype=Homepage&section=Sports

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California Nuts Briefs---

Far fewer Californians getting COVID-19 booster shots
    than expected, bringing new alarms
https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-11-05/far-fewer-californians-getting-covid-19-booster-shots-than-expected-bringing-new-alarms?utm_id=41440&sfmc_id=1646692

Here's why the San Francisco Bay Area landed
back in the red and orange CDC tiers for COVID spread
https://www.sfchronicle.com/health/article/Here-s-how-the-Bay-Area-landed-back-in-the-red-16597095.php

Proof of vaccine mandate: Strict requirement
set to take effect Monday in Los Angeles
https://abc7.com/vaccine-mandate-proof-los-angeles/11209015/

'It's a great big mess': Catalytic converter thefts rampants
in the San Francisco Bay Area
https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/catalytic-converter-thefts-rampant-16589060.php?IPID=SFGate-HP-CP-Spotlight

Aftermath of Caldor Fire leaves future
of Sierra-at-Tahoe resort in question
https://www.sfchronicle.com/travel/article/sierra-at-tahoe-ski-Caldor-Fire-16598718.php

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“Gimme that Wine”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJnQoi8DSE8

Washington Harvest Yields Fewer Grapes,
    but Quality Remains High
https://www.winebusiness.com/news/?go=getArticle&dataId=253012

The Texas Wine Industry Is at a Crossroads
https://www.winemag.com/2021/11/04/texas-wine-available/

Free Wine App
https://www.nataliemaclean.com/mobileapp/

Wine Prices by vintage
http://www.winezap.com
http://www.wine-searcher.com/

This Day in History

     1519 - After landing on the Yucatan peninsula in April, Spaniard Hernan Cortés and his troops marched into the interior of Mexico to the Aztec capital and took the Aztec emperor Montezuma hostage. Going against the governor’s orders, he took 800 Spaniards on eleven ships, landing on what is now Vera Cruz on the east coast of Mexico., Marching to meet the Aztecs, he persuaded thousands of Indians to join his forces. He had horses, muskets, pistols, steel swords, and armor. The Indians
thought he was from God, or maybe he was God. His military triumphs led to 300 years of Spanish domination of Mexico and Central America. He brought horses to our continent (more on that when we write about Coronado) and his troops were the first to “invade” what is now the United States, actually exploring parts of what we now call New Mexico. In one village, after an uprising against their visit, he cut off the right foot of every male adult so they would not attack them again.
    1638 - Anne Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts.  An important participant in the Antinomian Controversy that shook the infant Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638, her strong religious convictions were at odds with the established Puritan clergy in the Boston area.  Her popularity and charisma helped create a theological schism that threatened to destroy the Puritans' religious community in New England. She was eventually tried and convicted, then banished from the colony with many of her supporters.
    1701 - William Penn presented his Charter of Privileges.  Penn envisioned a colony that permitted religious freedom, the consent and participation of the governed, as well as other laws pertaining to property rights. The Charter of Privileges recognized the authority of the King and Parliament over the colony, while creating a local governing body that would propose and execute the laws. Penn clearly states the responsibilities the citizens have in selecting virtuous men to lead and govern what many would refer to as the “Holy Experiment.”
    1731 - Benjamin Franklin opened the first US library, the Library Company of Philadelphia.
    1775 - Mail franking privilege allowing free use of the mail was granted to members of Congress and private soldiers in service. Regulations of January 9, 1776, provided that soldiers’ mail was to be franked by the officer in charge. On April 3, 1800, free franking of mail during her natural life was granted to Martha Washington.
    1789 - Bourbon whiskey was first distilled from corn by Elijah Craig (1738-1808), Bourbon, Kentucky.  He was a Baptist preacher in Virginia who became an educator and capitalist entrepreneur in the area of Virginia that later became the state of Kentucky. He built Kentucky's first fulling mill (for cloth manufacturing), its first paper mill, its first ropewalk (for manufacturing rope from hemp), and the first lumber and gristmill at Georgetown.
    1837 - The first college for women in the United States was founded as Mt. Holyoke Seminary in South Hadley, Massachusetts. While many colleges for women became coeducational institutions in the 1970’s and 1980s, Mt. Holyoke remains a women’s college.
    1861 - The Trent Affair. The United States almost went to war over the capture of a British ship supposedly bringing supplies to the Confederacy.  During the raid Union officials found Confederate officials on board.
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/nov08.html
    1864 – Abraham Lincoln was re-elected president as the Civil War was coming to a climax.  Running against George McClellan, the battlefield commander Lincoln removed, Lincoln carried all but three states (Kentucky, New Jersey, and Delaware), and won 55 percent of the vote. He won 212 electoral votes to McClellan’s 21. Most significantly, a majority of the Union troops voted for their commander in chief, including a large percentage of McClellan’s old command, the Army of the Potomac.
    1870 - The first storm warning was issued by the U.S. Signal Corps Weather Service
    1883 – Birthday of painter Charles Demuth (1883-1935)
http://www.artchive.com/artchive/D/demuth.html
http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/demuth_charles.html
http://www.demuth.org/
    1884 - Samuel Sidney McClure established McClure's Syndicate in New York City, the first newspaper syndicate.
    1887 - Gas lighting brought many fires toward the end of this century. Though Boston had experienced several damaging fires, the worst one started on this Saturday evening in a dry-goods warehouse. Spreading rapidly in windy weather, it devastated several blocks of the business district, destroying nearly 800 buildings. Damage was estimated at more than $75 million. It was said that the fire caused a bright red glare in the sky that could be seen from nearly 100 miles away. The Boston fire came one year, one month and one day after the Great Chicago Fire of Oct 8, 1871.
    1889 - Montana became the 41st state in the United States. Helena is the capital of Montana; the western meadowlark is the state bird and the bitterroot is the state flower. Of course, this has nothing to do with some of Montana’s bitter history, its most notorious event: The Battle of Little Big Horn (Custer’s Last Stand).
    1889 - Birth of Oswald J. Smith (d. 1986), Canadian clergyman. Founder of the People's Church of Toronto, Smith also authored a number of books and composed more than 1,200 hymns, including "The Song of the Soul Set Free."
    1900 - Birthday of Margaret Mitchell (d. 1949) at Atlanta. American novelist who won a Pulitzer Prize (1937) for her only book, “Gone with the Wind,” a romantic novel about the Civil War and Reconstruction. As of 2014, a Harris poll found it to be the second favorite book of American readers, just behind the Bible. More than 30 million copies have been printed worldwide. and it has been translated into 30 languages. Mitchell died after being struck by an automobile Aug 16, 1949.
    1900 - Theodore Dreiser's first novel, “Sister Carrie,” a realistic book, was published by Doubleday & Company. Worried about the immorality of the book and suffering public pressure, the publisher pulled the book off the stands. Depressed, Dreiser was unable to write another novel for over a decade.
    1904 - Theodore Roosevelt was reelected President of the United Sates. Charles W. Fairbanks was elected Vice President. The electoral vote was Roosevelt, 336; Alton B. Parker, Democratic candidate, 140. The popular vote was Roosevelt 7,628,834; Parker, 5,884, 401; Eugene V. Debs, Socialist candidate, 402,460; Dr. Silas C. Swallow, Prohibition Party, 259,257; Thomas E. Watson, People’s Party, 114,752. The Republicans carried Missouri for the first time since the Civil War in what was the biggest election victory since 1872. They maintained a 57-33 majority over the Democrats in the senate and picked up 43 seats in the House for a 250-136 majority.
    1906 - Cameraman Fred A. Dobson began filming “The Skyscrapers of New York” atop an uncompleted skyscraper at Broadway and 12th Street, the first documentary of the changing of a metropolitan landscape due to the innovation of steel girders.
(lower half of: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/nov08.html)
    1907 - Birthday of actress Katherine Hepburn (d. 2003), Hartford, CT.  Academy Awards for “Morning Glory” (1932), “Guess Who's Coming to Dinner?” (1967), “The Lion in Winter” (1968) and “On Golden Pond” (1981). Nominated eight more times for her work in such movies as “The Philadelphia Story” (1940), and “The African Queen” (1951).
    1910 - The Washington State Constitution was permanently amended to grant women the right to vote. In 1871, Susan B. Anthony and Abigail Scott Duniway led a crusade through the territories of Washington and Oregon and helped to form the Washington Woman Suffrage Association. Due to the group's constant protesting and pushing, full voting rights were given to women in 1883 by a bill that passed through the Territorial Legislature. But in 1887, the Territorial Supreme Court overturned that law. Another was passed in 1888 but was also overturned. This happened because women voters were making sales of liquor more difficult with their votes, and the state's liquor lobby had fought hard to remove their voting rights. In light of this opposition, some activists chose to emphasize the contributions of women workers to the community and finally, in 1910, succeeded. It would be ten years before the rest of the country's women had that right.
    1927 - Singer Chris Connor (d. 2009) birthday, Kansas City. MO. http://www.ddg.com/LIS/InfoDesignF96/Ismael/jazz/1950/Connor.html
    1929 - Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) opens, New York City.
http://www.moma.org/about_moma/
    1932 - Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected President of the United Sates in a Democratic landslide. John Nance Garner was elected Vice President. Roosevelt carried all by seven states with 472 electoral votes to 58 for Herbert Hoover. The popular vote was Roosevelt, 22,821,857; Hoover 15,761,841. Norman Thomas, Socialist, 881,9951; William Z Foster, Communist, 102,785; Verne L. Reynolds, Socialist Labor 33,276; William D. Upshaw, Prohibition, 81,869; Jacob S. Coxey, Farmer Labor, 7309. In congressional elections the Democrats gained 13 Senate seats for a 60-35 majority. In the House, the Democrats gained 90 seats for a 310-117 majority, with five seats going to minor parties.
    1938 - The first African-American female state legislator was Crystal Bird Fauset of Philadelphia, PA, elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Her term of office began on December 1, 1938 and she was sworn in and assumed her seat on January 3, 1939. She later became Assistant Director for the Works Progress Administration in Pennsylvania and served as a race relations advisor to First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and New York City Mayor Fiorello La Guardia.  She chaired of the Philadelphia Negro Woman's Democratic League, was a member of the board of trustees of Cheyney State Teachers College and was on the board of directors of the Small Business Opportunities Corporation of Philadelphia. She died on March 27, 1965
http://www.afsc.org/about/hist/2003/crystal_bird_fauset.htm
    1939 - Frank Sinatra had his last recording session with the Harry James Band. "Every Day of My Life" and "Ciribiribin" were recorded. If you listen to these records today, you will not be able to identify Sinatra as he sounded more a “crooner” without the phrasing or rhythm in the 1950’s and forward.
    1949 - Birthday of Bonnie Raitt, Burbank, CA.  Singer, songwriter. Grammy award winner. Her mother was a pianist and her father is actor John Raitt
    1950 - The first pilot of a jet fighter to win a dogfight in the Korean War was First Lieutenant Russell John Brown of Pasadena, CA, the pilot of an Air Force F-80, who destroyed a MiG-15 over Northern Korean in jet-versus-jet combat.
    1951 – Yankees catcher and future Hall of Famer, Yogi Berra, won the first of his three MVP awards.  Berra was only the second catcher to win the AL MVP prize. (Mickey Cochrane was the first.) That same year, another catcher, Roy Campanella of the Dodgers, was the NL MVP.
    1952 - Maurice “Rocket” Richard of the Montreal Canadiens became the leading career goal scorer in the National Hockey League with his 325th career goal in a 6-4 win over the Chicago Blackhawks.
    1953 - Residents of New York City suffered through ten days of smog resulting in 200 deaths.
    1954 - Dave Brubeck makes “Mime” Magazine cover for “Take Five.” Louis Armstrong was the first jazz musician to make Time’s front page in 1947.
    1954 - The American League approved transferring the baseball's Philadelphia Athletics team to Kansas City, Missouri. Charles O. Finley of Chicago, Illinois would eventually tire of Kansas City and relocate the A’s to Oakland, California.
    1955 - Top Hits
“Autumn Leaves” - Roger Williams
“Moments to Remember” - The Four Lads
“I Hear You Knocking” - Gale Storm
“That Do Make It Nice” - Eddy Arnold
    1956 - Cecil B. DeMille's cinema classic, “The Ten Commandments,” starring Charlton Heston and Yul Brynner, premiered in New York. It later won an Oscar for Best Special Effects and received a Best Picture nomination.
    1959 - Elgin Baylor, the Minneapolis Lakers' "Big E", scored 64 points to set a National Basketball Association scoring mark. The Lakers defeated Boston 136-115.
    1960 – John Fitzgerald Kennedy was elected President of the United States. Sen. Kennedy, Democrat of Massachusetts, was the second youngest man ever to win the nation’s highest office and the first Roman Catholic. Sen. Lyndon Baines Johnson, Democrat from Texas, was elected Vice President. The electoral vote was Kennedy, 303, Nixon, 219, and Senator Harry F. Byrd, 15. Kennedy won 49.7% and Nixon 49.6% of the popular vote making the election one of the closest in U.S. history. In congressional elections, the Democrats took a 65-35 majority in the senate. In the House, they lost 20 seats but kept a majority of 263-174.
    1961 - With only one Cy Young Award given for the two leagues, Whitey Ford, the AL leader in wins (25) and innings pitched (283), wins the honor ahead of Warren Spahn, who led the NL in wins (21) and ERA (3.02). In one of the closest votes in Award history, future Hall of Famers Ford and Spahn total nine and six points respectively.
    1963 - Top Hits
“Sugar Shack” - Jimmy Gilmer & The Fireballs
“Deep Purple” - Nino Tempo & April Stevens
“Washington Square” - The Village Stompers
“Love’s Gonna Live Here” - Buck Owens
    1963 - Dick Clark's traveling Caravan of Stars opens its fall 1963 tour in Teaneck, New Jersey. The bill features Bobby Vee, Brian Hyland, the Ronettes, Little Eva and the Dovells, among others.
    1964 - Judy Garland and daughter, Liza Minnelli gave a joint appearance at the London Palladium. The program was shown on television in the United States, and was recorded on the LP, "Live at the London Palladium" that became a classic for Capitol Records.
   1965 - The daytime soap opera, “Days of Our Lives,” starring MacDonald Carey as Dr. Tom Horton, premiered on television. This popular daytime serial, like many others, has gone through many changes throughout its run. It expanded from 30 minutes to an hour; it went to number one in the ratings and slipped to nine out of 12 in the 1980s; and it dropped or de-emphasized older characters, which angered its audience. The soap is set in Salem and centers around the Horton and Brady families. Notable cast members included Mary Frann, Joan Van Ark, Susan Oliver, Mike Farrell, Kristian Alfonso, Carry Marshall, John Aniston, Josh Taylor, Wayne Northrop, John DeLancie, Andrea Barber, Deidre Hall, Thaao Penghlis, Jason Bernard, Marilyn McCoo, Charles Shaughnessy, Peter Reckell, Francis Reid, Patsy Pease and Genie Francis.
    1966 - The first African-American to be elected US Senator by popular vote was Edward William Brooke III (1919-2015), the attorney general of Massachusetts, who was elected by a popularity of 439,000 votes. A graduate of Howard University and Boston University Law School, the liberal Republican Brooke served in the Senate for twelve years, until he was defeated by Paul Tsongas in 1978. Brooke was instrumental in developing the legislation that would become the 1970 Housing and Urban Development Act.
http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000871
    1966 - Actor and future United States President Ronald Reagan was elected governor of California, beating incumbent Governor Pat Brown, former District Attorney of San Francisco. When he first heard Reagan was going to run against him, Brown was noted to say, “Hey, we got a shoo-in as they are going to run an actor from Hollywood against me.”
    1966 - The temperature in downtown San Francisco reached a November record of 86 degrees.
    1966 - RUBIO, EURIPIDES, Medal of Honor
Rank and organization: Captain, U.S. Army, Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Battalion, 28th Infantry, 1st Infantry Division, RVN. Place and date: Tay Ninh Province, Republic of Vietnam, 8 November 1966. Entered service at: Fort Buchanan, Puerto Rico. Born: 1 March 1938, Ponce, Puerto Rico. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Capt. Rubio, Infantry, was serving as communications officer, 1st Battalion, when a numerically superior enemy force launched a massive attack against the battalion defense position. Intense enemy machinegun fire raked the area while mortar rounds and rifle grenades exploded within the perimeter. Leaving the relative safety of his post, Capt. Rubio received 2 serious wounds as he braved the withering fire to go to the area of most intense action where he distributed ammunition, re-established positions and rendered aid to the wounded. Disregarding the painful wounds, he unhesitatingly assumed command when a rifle company commander was medically evacuated. Capt. Rubio was wounded a third time as he selflessly exposed himself to the devastating enemy fire to move among his men to encourage them to fight with renewed effort. While aiding the evacuation of wounded personnel, he noted that a smoke grenade which was intended to mark the Viet Cong position for air strikes had fallen dangerously close to the friendly lines. Capt. Rubio ran to reposition the grenade but was immediately struck to his knees by enemy fire. Despite his several wounds, Capt. Rubio scooped up the grenade, ran through the deadly hail of fire to within 20 meters of the enemy position and hurled the already smoking grenade into the midst of the enemy before he fell for the final time. Using the repositioned grenade as a marker, friendly air strikes were directed to destroy the hostile positions. Capt. Rubio's singularly heroic act turned the tide of battle, and his extraordinary leadership and valor were a magnificent inspiration to his men. His remarkable bravery and selfless concern for his men are in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit on Capt. Rubio and the U.S. Army.
    1966 – Triple Crown winner Frank Robinson of the Baltimore Orioles is the unanimous choice as AL MVP. He became the first Major Leaguer to win the award in both leagues. Traded by the Reds in the previous off-season, Reds GM decided that Robinson was "an old 30" and traded him. In addition to the MVP and Triple Crown, Robinson was also World Series MVP as the O’s swept the Dodgers.
    1967 - JOEL, LAWRENCE, Medal of Honor
Rank and organization: Specialist Sixth Class (then Sp5c), U.S. Army, Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 1st Battalion (Airborne), 503d Infantry, 173d Airborne Brigade. Place and date: Republic of Vietnam, 8 November 1965, Entered service at: New York City, N.Y. G.O. No.: 15, 5 April 1967. Born: 22 February 1928, Winston-Salem, N.C. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of life above and beyond the call of duty. Sp6c. Joel demonstrated indomitable courage, determination, and professional skill when a numerically superior and well-concealed Viet Cong element launched a vicious attack which wounded or killed nearly every man in the lead squad of the company. After treating the men wounded by the initial burst of gunfire, he bravely moved forward to assist others who were wounded while proceeding to their objective. While moving from man to man, he was struck in the right leg by machine gun fire. Although painfully wounded his desire to aid his fellow soldiers transcended all personal feeling. He bandaged his own wound and self-administered morphine to deaden the pain enabling him to continue his dangerous undertaking. Through this period of time, he constantly shouted words of encouragement to all around him. Then, completely ignoring the warnings of others, and his pain, he continued his search for wounded, exposing himself to hostile fire; and, as bullets dug up the dirt around him, he held plasma bottles high while kneeling completely engrossed in his life saving mission. Then, after being struck a second time and with a bullet lodged in his thigh, he dragged himself over the battlefield and succeeded in treating 13 more men before his medical supplies ran out. Displaying resourcefulness, he saved the life of 1 man by placing a plastic bag over a severe chest wound to congeal the blood. As 1 of the platoons pursued the Viet Cong, an insurgent force in concealed positions opened fire on the platoon and wounded many more soldiers. With a new stock of medical supplies, Sp6c. Joel again shouted words of encouragement as he crawled through an intense hail of gunfire to the wounded men. After the 24 hour battle subsided and the Viet Cong dead numbered 410, snipers continued to harass the company. Throughout the long battle, Sp6c. Joel never lost sight of his mission as a medical aid man and continued to comfort and treat the wounded until his own evacuation was ordered. His meticulous attention to duty saved a large number of lives and his unselfish, daring example under most adverse conditions was an inspiration to all. Sp6c. Joel's profound concern for his fellow soldiers, at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty are in the highest traditions of the U.S. Army and reflect great credit upon himself and the Armed Forces of his country.
    1969 - "Wedding Bell Blues" by 5th Dimension topped the charts and stayed there for 3 weeks.
    1970 - Tom Dempsey of the New Orleans Saints set an NFL record by kicking a 63-yard field goal to give the Saints a 19-17 victory of the Detroit Lions.
    1970 - Jim Morrison records the poetry that the other members of the Doors would set to music after his death and issue on the 1978 album, "An American Prayer."
    1971 - Top Hits
“Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves” - Cher
“Theme from Shaft” - Isaac Hayes
“Imagine” - John Lennon Plastic Ono Band
Here Comes Honey Again - Sonny James
    1971 - Sly & the Family Stone have huge hits with "Family Affair" and "There's a Riot Goin' On." The album's title could well describe some of Sly's concerts during this time. Much to his fans' dismay, he's a frequent no-show. Of eighty concerts booked in 1970, he canceled 26 and has ducked out of 12 of forty shows in '71.
    1973 - No. 1 Billboard Pop Hit: "Keep on Truckin' (Part 1)," Eddie Kendricks.
    1973 - The first golfer to earn $100,000 in a contest was Miller Barber of Texas, who won in 144 strokes in the World Open at Pinehurst, NC, on November 8-17.
    1974 - Lt. William Calley is paroled after serving about three years in "prison" (under house arrest in his apartment) for overseeing the murder of Vietnamese civilians (possibly as high as 500 or more) at My Lai
http://www.fortunecity.com/tinpan/parton/2/mylai1.html
    1978 - A bizarre NBA game happened during the Philadelphia 76ers and the New Jersey Nets, when an official assessed three technical fouls against Nets coach Kevin Loughery and player Bernard King The league office ruled that the official had acted in error and ordered the game replayed. It was on March 23, 1979, and Philadelphia won, 137-133. On February 7, however, the 76ers traded Ralph Simpson to New Jersey for Erick Money and Harvey Catchings. So these three wound up finishing the game on March 23rd as members of the team they had originally opposed.
    1979 - Top Hits
“Pop Muzik” - M
“Heartache Tonight” - Eagles
“Dim All the Lights” - Donna Summer
“You Decorated My Life” - Kenny Rogers
    1979 - The Grateful Dead's "Shakedown Street" LP is released.
    1983 - Dale Murphy (.302, 36, 121) joins Ernie Banks, Joe Morgan and Mike Schmidt as one of the players who has won the MVP award in consecutive years. The soft-spoken Braves' outfielder receives 21 of the 24 votes cast.
    1983 - No. 1 Billboard Pop Hit: "All Night Long (All Night)," Lionel Richie. Richie sings the song at the closing ceremonies of the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles.
    1986 - A new Utah record for wind was set when a wind gust of 124 mph was recorded on 11,000-foot Hidden Peak in the Snowbird area
    1987 - Top Hits
“I Think We’re Alone Now” - Tiffany
“Causing a Commotion” - Madonna
“Mony Mony ‘Live’ " - Billy Idol
“Am I Blue” - George Strait
    1988 - George H. W. Bush was elected president of the United States, carrying 40 states. He defeated Governor Michael Dukakis of Massachusetts, the Democratic candidate. The electoral vote was Bush,
426, Dukakis 112. The popular vote was Bush, 47,917,341, Dukakis, 41,013,030. In congressional elections the Democrats gained one Senate seat for a 55-45 majority; in the House they gained 3 seats for a 260-175 majority.
    1990 - The Gender Gap at the voting booth succeeded in electing Ann Richards as Texas Governor (with 61% of the women's vote) and Barbara Roberts as Oregon Governor with 30% more of the women's vote than her opponent got. Sharon Pratt Dixon was elected the first black woman as Mayor of Washington, D.C. Joan Finney who opposed abortion was elected governor of Kansas. Of 85 women who ran for statewide offices, 57 won... all with significant Gender Gap margins...
    1991 – A new “The Carol Burnett Show” premieres on CBS-TV
Her first run on TV lasted from September 11, 1967 - March 29, 1978.
My good friend Warren Luening played lead trumpet for her TV show and toured with her. He said he enjoyed every minute as she was a wonderful person to work for and always thoughtful of those around her. What you saw on TV was the way she really was in life, he commented.
http://www.tvtome.com/tvtome/servlet/PersonDetail/personid-1025
http://timvp.com/carolb.html
http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0302389/
    1991 - The first week of November ended in Iowa with the average temperature for the state of 18.3 degrees, a full 24.7 degrees below normal. Easily this was the coldest first week of November ever.
    1993 - Microsoft Windows for Workgroups 3.11 was released. The operating system boasted improved support for NetWare and Windows NT, and slipped in numerous architectural changes to improve performance and stability (changes that later found their way into Windows 95).
    1994 - Top Hits
“I’ll Make Love To You” - Boyz II Men
“All I Wanna Do” - Sheryl Crow
“Another Night” - Real McCoy
“Here Comes The Hotstepper” (From "Ready To Wear") - Ini Kamoze
    1999 - The House of Representatives passed a resolution calling for Shoeless Joe Jackson to be honored. The resolution stopped short of calling for his induction into the Hall of Fame. "It is worthy for this body to take a few minutes to stand up for fairness and right an old wrong," said Rep. Jim DeMint, the author of the resolution who represents Jackson's hometown of Greenville, SC. Jackson was eligible for the Hall of Fame until 1991 but was never voted in either by the writers or the Veterans Committee. In 1991, the Hall's board adopted a resolution prohibiting players on the permanently banned list from consideration.
    2004 - Receiving 27 of 28 first-place votes, Bobby Crosby (.239, 22, 64) wins the American League Rookie of the Year Award. The Oakland shortstop, who is the son of former big leaguer infielder Ed Crosby, joins Harry Byrd (1952), Jose Canseco (1986), Mark McGwire (1987), Walt Weiss (1988) and Ben Grieve (1998) as the sixth A’s freshman to be honored by BBWAA.
    2014 - North Korea releases Americans Matthew Todd Miller and Kenneth Bae; Bae was imprisoned for two years after arrest for missionary actions, while Miller was detained in April for 'hostile acts' after tearing up his visa and requesting asylum.
    2016 – In a major upset, Donald Trump was elected President over Hillary Clinton, who received more popular votes.
    2018 – The deadliest fire in Californian history, the Camp Fire, started at Plumas National Forest, spreading in Butte County and destroying the town of Paradise, more than 13,000 buildings, and killing at least 88.
    2020 – Kamala Harris made US history as the first woman and first woman of color to be elected Vice President.