1727 - The first Roman Catholic convent in America is occupied by the Ursaline nuns in New Orleans. The convent/school is still occupied today although rebuilt several times and much enlarged.
   1736 - Birthday of Mary Brant, a Mohawk, had nine children with the British superintendent of Indian Affairs. She managed his household and was his hostess for almost 25 years until his death in 1774. She then retired to upper New York State and was a loyalist during the American Revolution. She supplied intelligence and ammunition for the British in the battle of Oriskany, August 6, 1777. Brant and her brother who was a warrior leader of the Iroquois were instrumental in aligning the entire Iroquois nation on the side of the British in the American Revolution. Following the defeat of the British, she joined other refugees in Kingston, Ontario. Several hundred thousand loyalists left, many going back to Great Britain, others to Canada.
    1774 - English religious leader Ann Lee (1736-1784) and a small band of followers first arrived in America. Her sect called itself the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Coming, but to the rest of the world, her followers came to be known as the "Shakers."
http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/pwwmh/ny16.htm
       1787 - The Constitutional Convention engaged in the “Great Debate” over the draft constitution, during which it determined that Congress should have the right to regulate foreign trade and interstate commerce, established a four-year term of office for the president and appointed a five-man committee to prepare a final draft of the Constitution. 
    1801 - The Great Religious Revival of the American West began at a Presbyterian camp meeting in Cane Ridge, Kentucky.
http://www.sendrevival.com/history/caneridge/old_cane_ridge_meeting_house.htm
http://www.uky.edu/KentuckyAtlas/ky-cane-ridge.html
    1815 - With the end of the Napoleonic wars in Europe, and laws about bringing “slaves” into the United States as “free labor,” immigration to the U.S. increased to new levels as work was to be had. Between 1815 and 1860, 5,000,000 persons came to the U.S. Over half of the immigrants came from the British Isles, mostly from Ireland. The next largest contingent arrived from Germany, 1,500,000, not counting German-speaking French citizens from Alsace and Lorraine. More than half the German immigrants settled in the upper Mississippi and Ohio River valleys. They brought new techniques and craftsmanship. For instance, Ohio glassware was a superior type of glassware manufactured from 1815 to 1850. The designation “Ohio” was generally applied both to the blown and molded glass produced in the Ohio River Valley region. Three of the leading manufacturers of this glassware were located in Mantua, Kent, and Zanesville, all cities of Ohio. The designation “Ohio” was also used to identify glass factories in the neighboring regions of West Virginia and western Pennsylvania.
    1819 – Norwich University is founded in Vermont as the first private military school in the US.
      1821 - Birthday of Edward H. Plumptre, Anglican theologian. He served on the Old Testament committee for the 1881 English Revised Version of the Bible. Today, he is better remembered as author of the hymn, "Rejoice, Ye Pure in Heart."
    1829 - Birthday of Marie Elizabeth Zakrzewski - pioneer U.S. doctor. She graduated from a school for midwives without incident but when she was appointed chief midwife and professor, male opposition forced her resignation. On arriving in the U.S., she met Elizabeth Blackwell who helped her enter Western Reserve medical school for regular medical training. She assisted the Blackwell sisters in the New York Infirmary and ran the institution while Elizabeth was in England. She served as physician and professor at the New England Female Medical College in Boston but left because the founder saw women's position in medicine limited to midwifery. She founded the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1862 and served in various capacities there until 1899.
In addition to her pioneering medical work, she developed lunchrooms for the working poor women and aid for poor Jews. Her New England Hospital was the first one to trained nurses and offer social services.
    1861 – First Lady Edith Roosevelt, second wife of President Theodore Roosevelt, is born in Norwich, CT.  They were children together and were married in 1885 after the passing of the first Mrs. Roosevelt.
    1862 - CSA ironclad "Arkansas" is badly damaged in Union battle.
(Actual accounts: http://www.missouridivision-scv.org/mounits/cssark.htm)
    1864 - The Rebels evacuate Fort Powell, Mobile Bay, under attack during the Battle of Mobile Bay, Alabama. It actually lasted until August 23. David G. Farragut commanded a fleet of fourteen wooden ships and four ironclads. Running through a minefield and past Confederate Forts Gains, Morgan, and Powell, Farragut’s fleet defeated a Confederate flotilla, including the Confederate ironclad Tennessee, and took one of the South’s last major ports. The city of Mobile was taken in 1865.
    1870 - White conservatives suppressed black vote and captured the Tennessee legislature. A reform movement was afoot and states started outright restricting blacks from voting, others made poll tax and literacy tests a requirement. These practices were among those outlawed by the 1965 Voting Rights Act, detailed herein later.  The Southern states voting as a block made deals for a new president in an electoral contest, by tenure gained control of committees as senator were voted by the state legislators in this century, and while the North beat the South in the Civil War, the South now controlled bills, committees, and legislation and would dominate for almost a century to follow. 
    1881 – Birthday of Louella Parsons, America’s first movie columnist, in Freeport, IL.  She was retained by William Randolph Hearst, possibly because she had praised Hearst's mistress Marion Davies, and her columns were read by 20 million people in 400 newspapers worldwide.  She remained Queen of Hollywood until the arrival of flamboyant Hedda Hopper, who displayed similar talents, and with whom she feuded viciously for years.
    1890 - Denton True ‘Cy’ Young pitched his first major-league baseball game, leading the Cleveland Spiders past the Chicago White Sox. Young went on to enjoy a great baseball career, winning a total of 511 games (95 more than second place Walter Johnson)...averaging more than 23 victories over 22 seasons, playing for Cleveland, St. Louis, and Boston (where he played in the first World Series, and won). Young’s career win total is the most in Major League history and is considered by many as the one sports record that will never be broken.  The Cy Young Award was established in 1956, when the Baseball Writers' Association of America chose to create an award honoring each year’s best pitcher.  Since 1967, the Cy Young awards have been presented annually to the best pitcher in each major league.  http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/aug06.html
    1890 - At Auburn Prison, NY, murderer William Kemmler becomes the first person to be executed by the electric chair.
    1892 – Birthday of actor Hoot Gibson, American rodeo champion and a pioneer cowboy film actor, director, and producer.  Born Edmund Richard Gibson in Tekamah, NE, he learned to ride a horse while still a very young boy. His family moved to California when he was seven years old.  In 1910, the nascent film industry was looking for experienced cowboys to appear in films. Gibson and another future star, Tom Mix, were hired. Acting for Gibson was then a minor sideline, and he continued competing in rodeos to make a living. Gibson's career was temporarily interrupted with service in the US Army in World War I. When the war ended, he returned to the rodeo business and became good friends with Art Acord, a fellow cowboy and movie actor. The two participated in summer rodeo then went back to Hollywood for the winter to do stunt work. From the 1920s through the 1940s, Hoot Gibson was a major film attraction as a western film box office draw. He successfully made the transition to talkies and as a result became a highly paid performer.  Gibson died August 23, 1962 in Woodland Hills, CA.         
    1902 – Dutch Schultz was born Arthur Flegenheimer in Newark, NJ.  Mobster of the 1920s and 1930s who made his fortune in activities including alcohol and numbers…or numbiz as they say in the old neighborhood. Weakened by two tax evasion trials led by prosecutor Thomas Dewey, Schultz's rackets were also threatened by fellow mobster Lucky Luciano. In an attempt to avert his conviction, Schultz asked the Commission for permission to kill Dewey, which they refused. When Schultz disobeyed them and attempted to kill him anyway, the Commission ordered his murder.  After Schultz left in a rage, the Commission decided finally to kill him in order to prevent the Dewey hit. Albert Anastasia, who would be whacked in 1958, and Louis Buchalter took care of it on October 23, 1935; Schultz was shot at the Palace Chophouse at 12 East Park Street in Newark.
    1905 - Birthday of Clara Bow – U.S. film actor. CB was called the “’It’ girl” as she portrayed the carefree flapper in early Hollywood films. She is generally recognized by most Hollywood historians as the industry’s first megastar.  She starred in more than 30 films including the classic “Wings” but her strong Brooklyn accent prevented her from making it in talking pictures. Her various sex scandals also lost fan support but it was her voice that ended her movie career. She won a beauty contest while still in high school in Brooklyn that sent her to Hollywood. A good biography is J. Morella’s “The ‘It’ Girl: the Incredible Story of Clara Bow” (1976).
http://www.clarabow.net/
http://www.gildasattic.com/clarabow.html
http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~pringle/silent/ssotm/Jan96/
http://www.seeing-stars.com/ImagePages/ClaraBowGravePhoto.shtml
    1906 - Birthday of trombone player Vic Dickenson, Xenia, OH, Died November 16, 1984. 
http://www.harlem.org/oldsite/people/dickenson.html
http://www.harlem.org/people/dickenson.html
    1911 – Legendary film and television pioneer and comedian Lucille Ball was born at Butte, MT. In addition to her many other film and television credits, Lucille Ball always will be remembered for her role in the 1950s CBS sitcom “I Love Lucy”. As Lucy Riccardo, the wife of band leader Ricky Riccardo (her real-life husband, Desi Arnaz), her comedic style became a trademark of early television comedy. She was also instrumental in many pioneering innovations in TV production. Desilu Productions, the company founded by Ball and Arnaz, insisted on filming in Hollywood instead of New York. This move is largely credited with creating a shift in TV production to the west coast. In addition, theirs was the first TV show to use 35mm film to increase the clarity of the final image, the first to use three cameras instead of one, and the first to be filmed in front of a live audience. On Apr 1, 1958, the final episode was broadcast, but “I Love Lucy” now is seen worldwide in syndication. Ball continued her involvement both before and behind the camera, appearing in three additional sitcoms. She became the first woman to head a major motion picture and TV studio when she purchased Arnaz’ share of Desilu Productions. Ball and Arnaz were divorced in 1960; she later married Gary Morton. She died Apr 26, 1989, at Los Angeles, CA.
http://www.classicmoviemusicals.com/ball.htm
    1917 – Birthday of actor Robert Mitchum in Bridgeport, CT.  He may be best-remembered for his roles in “The Story of GI Joe” (1945), “Crossfire” (1947), “Out of the Past” (1947), “The Night of the Hunter” (1955), and “Cape Fear” (1962).  Mitchum died on July 1, 1997 in Santa Barbara.
    1918 - Birthday of jazz promoter/sponsor Norman Granz , Los Angeles, CA.
http://www.artistdirect.com/music/artist/card/0,,407567,00.html
    1918 - Unusually hot weather began to overspread the Atlantic Coast States, from the Carolinas to southern New England. The temperature soared to an all-time record high of 106 degrees at Washington, D.C., and Cumberland and Keedysville hit 109 degrees to establish a state record for Maryland. Temperatures were above normal east of the Rockies that month, with readings much above normal in the Lower Missouri Valley. Omaha, NE reached 110 degrees.
    1921 - Jazz flutist Buddy Collette birthday.
http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/collette_buddy/bio.jhtml
(“Swinging Shepard’s” is a great album).
    1924 – Birthday of Samuel Bowers, co-founder of the White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan(d. 2006).
1925 - Birthday of Bill Haley, rock 'n' roll's first teen idol, born in Highland Park, Michigan. Haley, with his group, the Saddlemen, at first played country-and-western, but in 1952, he dropped the cowboy image and changed the band's name to the Comets. Haley began recording cover versions of R'n'B hits, and in 1953, his "Crazy Man Crazy" became the first rock 'n' roll record to make the Billboard pop chart. Bill Haley and the Comets' biggest success came in 1955 when "Rock Around the Clock" rose to number one. Haley was the most popular rock 'n' roll idol until Elvis Presley came along, but by 1958, his career was basically over. He continued to work as a nostalgia act, mainly in Britain and Europe. Haley died on February 9th, 1981 in his hometown of Harlingen, Texas.
http://rockhall.com/inductees/bill-haley/bio/
http://www.rockabillyhall.com/BillHaley.html
    1926 – In New York, the Warner Bros’ Vitaphone system premieres with the movie “Don Juan”, starring John Barrymore. 
    1926 - Gertrude Ederle becomes the first woman to swim the English Channel.
    1927 - Birthday of Canadian composer Dolores Claman, born in Vancouver. She and her husband, Richard Morris, became one of the country's most successful jingle-writing teams in the mid-1960's. Claman and Morris have also written several stage musicals and film scores, the theme for CBC's "Hockey Night in Canada", and the score for the film "A Place to Stand," made for the Ontario pavilion at Expo 67. The film won an Oscar.
http://www.hockeytheme.com/FrameRHistory.htm
    1928 – Andy Warhol’s birthday, in Pittsburgh.  Warhol was an American artist who was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. After a successful career as a commercial illustrator, Warhol became a renowned and sometimes controversial artist. The Andy Warhol Museum in his native city holds an extensive permanent collection of art and archives. It is the largest museum in the US dedicated to a single artist.
    1929 - Birthday of Janice Lee York Romary - U.S. Olympic fencer (1952-1968) who, in 1968, became the first woman to be the U.S. flag bearer in the opening ceremonies of the Olympics (Mexico City).
    1930 - Birthday of singer Abbey Lincoln, Chicago, IL.
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B000000Y4A/perpetualstarlig/
002-1654770-2338401
    1930 - Mysterious disappearance at age 41 of Joseph Force Crater, justice of the New York State Supreme Court.  Never seen or heard from again. Declared legally dead in 1939. “Where is Judge Crater” signs appeared everywhere in the thirties.
http://home.eznet.net/~dminor/TM980613.html
    1932 - Birthday of singer and actress Della Reese.
http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=B63320roac489
    1937 - Maxine Sullivan records “Loch Lomond,” NYC (Voc 3169).
http://www.harlem.org/people/sullivan.html
    1945 - Memorial observances in many places for victims of the first atomic bombing of a populated place, which occurred at Hiroshima, Japan in 1945, (it was August 5 in the United States ) when an American B-29 bomber, “Enola Gay,” dropped an atomic bomb over the center of the city. The pilot was Colonel Paul Warfield Tibbets, Jr. of Miami, FL., and the bombardier was Major Thomas W. Ferebee of Mocksville, NC. More than 205,000 civilians died either immediately in the explosion or subsequently of radiation. If you had been reading history in America in the preceding months, it would have given you a sense of the time and in order to save lives, the atomic bomb was dropped.  On July 28, 2014, the last living crew member of Enola Gay, navigator, Theodore Van Kirk, died.
    1945 – Birthday of Andy Messersmith in Toms River, NJ.  During a 12-year Major League career with several teams, Messersmith compiled a 130-99 record with a 2.86 ERA.  However, he, with former pitcher Dave McNally, is most famous for his role in the historic 1975 Seitz decision that led to the downfall of Major League Baseball's reserve clause and ushered the current era of free agency.  Messersmith's ERA of 2.861 is the fifth lowest among starting pitchers whose careers began after 1920, the so-called ‘live ball era’, behind only Hoyt Wilhelm (2.52), Whitey Ford (2.75), Sandy Koufax (2.76), and Jim Palmer (2.856), all Hall of Famers.
    1946 - Birthday of American composer Brian Holmes, Washington, DC.  Brian Holmes usually composes for voice or chorus.
    1948 - Seventeen-year-old Bob Mathias won the decathlon competition at the Olympic Games being held in London, England. 
    1949 - Top Hits
“Some Enchanted Evening” - Perry Como
“Again” - Gordon Jenkins
“Riders in the Sky” - Vaughn Monroe
“I’m Throwing Rice (At the Girl that I Love)” - Eddy Arnold
    1950 - THOMPSON, WILLIAM. Medal of Honor.
Rank and organization: Private First Class, U.S. Army, 24th Company M, 24th Infantry Regiment, 25th Infantry Division. Place and date: Near Haman, Korea, 6 August 1950. Entered service at: Bronx, N.Y. Birth: New York, N.Y. G.O. No.: 63, 2 August 1951. Citation: Pfc. Thompson distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action against the enemy. While his platoon was reorganizing under cover of darkness, fanatical enemy forces in overwhelming strength launched a surprise attack on the unit. Pfc. Thompson set up his machine gun in the path of the onslaught and swept the enemy with withering fire, pinning them down momentarily thus permitting the remainder of his platoon to withdraw to a more tenable position. Although hit repeatedly by grenade fragments and small-arms fire, he resisted all efforts of his comrades to induce him to withdraw, steadfastly remained at his machine gun and continued to deliver deadly, accurate fire until mortally wounded by an enemy grenade. Pfc. Thompson's dauntless courage and gallant self-sacrifice reflect the highest credit on himself and uphold the esteemed traditions of military service.
    1952 - At the age of 46, Satchel Paige becomes the oldest pitcher major league history to hurl a complete-game shutout as he beats the Tigers in 12 innings, 1-0. This record will last until Phil Niekro blanks the Blue Jays, 8-0 to win his 300th career victory in 1985, at 46 years, 188 days.
    1955 - "Baby, Let's Play House" became Elvis Presley's first national chart single, reaching number 10 on Billboard's country chart.
    1956 - Birthday of soprano sax player Kenny G, whose full name is Kenny Gorelick.
    1956 - After going bankrupt, the DuMont Television Network makes its final broadcast, a boxing match from St. Nicholas Arena in New York.
      1956 - The Alan Freed movie, “Rock! Rock! Rock!” goes into production, featuring Tuesday Weld (her singing vocals dubbed by Connie Francis), Chuck Berry, Frankie Lymon & the Teenagers, The Moonglows, The Flamingos, and LaVern Baker.
    1957 - Top Hits
“Love Letters in the Sand” - Pat Boone
“Tammy” - Debbie Reynolds
“Diana” - Paul Anka
“(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear” - Elvis Presley
    1957 - 16 year-old John Lennon and his group the Quarrymen recorded "Baby Let's Play House" and "Puttin' on the Style" at a church social in Liverpool. The recording, made on the day Lennon met 14 year-old Paul McCartney, sold at a London auction in September 1994 for the equivalent of $156,000 Canadian.  
    1959 - A bucket survey showed that thunderstorms dropped 16.70 inches of rain on parts of Decatur County, IA. The total was accepted as Iowa's 24 hour rainfall record.
    1960 – Cuba nationalizes American and foreign-owned property.
    1960 - Chubby Checker performs "The Twist" on American TV for the first time on "American Bandstand”.
    1962 - Frank Ifield topped the UK charts for the first of seven straight weeks with "I Remember You". The record would become the second highest-selling single of the year in Britain and a #5 hit in the US.
    1963 - The New York Mets hired several rock 'n' roll acts, including Chubby Checker and Dee Dee Sharp, to perform before a game with the Pittsburgh Pirates.
    1965 – The Admiral, David Robinson, All-American basketball player for the US Naval Academy who followed with an All-Pro and multiple NBA championship career with the San Antonio Spurs, born in Key West.
    1965 - The Voting Rights Act of 1965 signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson, designed to thwart attempts to discriminate against minorities at the polls. The act suspended literacy and other disqualifying tests, authorized appointment of federal voting examiners and provided for judicial relief on the federal level to bar discriminatory poll taxes. Congress voted to extend the Act in 1975, 1984, and 1991.
    1965- Marty Balin and Paul Kantner formed a folk-rock group that evolved into the Jefferson Airplane, the premier San Francisco psychedelic band of the late '60s. The Airplane made its debut the following month at a Haight-Ashbury club, and was signed to RCA later in the year. "The Jefferson Airplane Takes Off," their first album, was awarded a gold record in 1966.
http://www.jeffersonairplane.com/
    1965---Top Hits
“(I Can’t Get No) Satisfaction” - The Rolling Stones
“I’m Henry VIII, I Am” - Herman’s Hermits
“What’s New Pussycat?” - Tom Jones
“The First Thing Ev’ry Morning (And the Last Thing Ev’ry Night)” - Jimmy Dean
    1967 - Dean Chance of the Minnesota Twins pitched five innings of perfect baseball, leading his team to victory over the Boston Red Sox. Chance was only the third player to pitch a shortened, perfect game.
    1970 –Birthday of M. Night Shyamalan, Indian-American director, producer, and screenwriter.
     1971 - The last remaining troops of the Fourth Battalion, 503rd Infantry of the 173rd Airborne Brigade, (the first U.S. Army ground combat unit to arrive in Vietnam in May 1965), cease combat operations and begin preparations to leave Vietnam. The first U.S. ground combat unit of any branch to reach Vietnam was the Third Marine Regiment, Third Marine Division, which began arriving on March 8, 1965. The initial U.S. combat forces were followed by a vast array of combat, combat support, and logistics units that together with U.S. Navy and Air Force personnel in-country reached a peak of 543,400 in April 1969. In June 1969, President Richard Nixon gave the order, as part of his "Vietnamization" policy, which began the process of reducing American troop strength; the troop withdrawals began the following fall and continued until the Paris Peace Accords were signed in January 1973.
    1972 - Hitting his 660th and 661st career homers, Hank Aaron breaks Yankee legend Babe Ruth's record for most home runs with one team. Hammerin' Hank's' second homer of the day is a 10th inning blast which enables the Braves to beat the Reds, 4-3
    1973 - Roberto Clemente becomes the first Latin-born player to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.  The customary five-year waiting period was waived by the electors in recognition of Clemente’s death the prior New Years’ Eve, in the crash of a plane he chartered to ferry much-needed medical supplies to victims of a Nicaraguan earthquake.
    1973 - Top Hits 
“The Morning After” - Maureen McGovern
“Live and Let Die” - Wings
“Diamond Girl” - Seals & Crofts
“Lord, Mr. Ford” - Jerry Reed
    1973 - No. 1 Billboard Pop Hit: “The Morning After,'' Maureen McGovern. The song is the theme to the film, “The Poseidon Adventure.''
    1979 - The Cars don't pay attention to the sophomore jinx predictions and go two-for-two: "Candy-O" is their second straight album to go platinum. 
    1980 - Birthday of American composer Matthew Logan, born Jacksonville,
http://www.myspace.com/matthewloganmusic
http://www.musicbymatthewlogan.com/
    1981 - Golfing legend Lee Trevino was disqualified from the PGA Championship in Duluth, GA when the ‘Super Mex’ had his scorecard signed by Tom Weiskopf instead of himself.
http://www.golfeurope.com/almanac/players/trevino.htm
    1981 - After a seven-week strike that cut the heart out of the regular baseball season, major league players approved a plan for a split season with the post-strike games to constitute the second half. The New York Yankees, Oakland Athletics, Philadelphia Phillies and Los Angeles Dodgers were declared first-half champions, automatically qualify for special divisional playoffs.
    1981 - Stevie Nicks' "Bella Donna" LP is released
    1981 - Top Hits
“Jessie’s Girl” - Rick Springfield
“Theme from "Greatest American Hero" (Believe It or Not)” - Joey Scarbury
“I Don’t Need You” - Kenny Rogers
“Dixie on My Mind” - Hank Williams, Jr.
    1984 - The Jacksons' "Victory" tour opened in Kansas City. The eight-story stage, designed by brother Michael, obscured the view from one-fourth of Arrowhead Stadium's 60,000 seats. Despite complaints about the $30 ticket prices, "Victory" proved to be the then-largest concert tour ever. The Jacksons played 55 dates in 23 cities, selling about 2.3 million tickets. Each brother raked in about $5 million. The promoter, Chuck Sullivan, lost $20 million because he agreed to pay all costs of the lavish production.
    1984 - The Cars release their video for "Drive." Actor Timothy Hutton directed it.
    1984 - No. 1 Billboard Pop Hit: “Ghostbusters,'' Ray Parker Jr.  Huey Lewis sues Parker, saying the Academy Award-nominated song sounds too much like his “I Want a New Drug.'' 
    1986 - Timothy Dalton became the fourth actor to be named “Bond ... James Bond.” Dalton, 38, and his studio, United Artists, ended months of speculation as to who would star as Agent 007 in the 15th James Bond film. The character of Bond was created by writer Ian Fleming. Other stars to play the role of the suave, debonair and deadly double agent include: Roger Moore, Sean Connery and George Lazenby, with Pierce Brosnan as the James Bond for the 1990s. 
    1988 - Cub reliever Goose Gossage becomes the second player in major league history to record 300 career saves as he retires one batter in a 7-4 victory over the Phillies.
    1988 - Jose Canseco became the 11th player in major league history to hit 30 homers and steal 30 bases in a season. The A's outfielder, with 31 homers, joins the 30-30 club stealing second base with one out in the ninth inning for his 30th as Oakland beat the Mariners, 5-4.
    1988 - Severe thunderstorms produced large hail and damaging winds in Pennsylvania and New York State. A cold front crossing the northwestern U.S. produced wind gusts to 66 mph at Livingston, MT.
    1989 - Boston Red Sox retire Carl Yastrezemski's #8.
    1989 - Top Hits
“Batdance” - Prince
“On Our Own” - Bobby Brown
“So Alive” - Love & Rockets
“Why’d You Come in Here Lookin’ like That” - Dolly Parton
    1990 – Gulf War:  UN Security Council orders a global trade embargo against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion of Kuwait.
      1991 – Tim Berners-Lee releases files describing his idea for the World Wide Web. WWW debuts as a publicly available service on the Internet.
    1994 - Laura Geller, the fourth woman rabbi in the United States, became the first woman SENIOR rabbi at a major metropolitan Jewish congregation, Temple Emanuel in Beverly Hills, California that has more than 1,000 members. She estimated that about 300 women serve as assistant or associate rabbis, even senior rabbis in smaller congregations in the U.S. There have been "issues of gender at every step of my career," Rabbi Geller," and some people, even within this congregation, still find it an issue." But, she adds, I'm grateful that I came to this position as a middle-aged woman...I'm fully clear that it’s their problem, not mine. When they say, 'I like you very much, but I'm just not comfortable with a woman rabbi,' they're telling me something about themselves, not about me." Sally J. Pries and, ordained in 1972, was the first woman rabbi in the United States, at the Monmouth County Reform Temple in New Jersey. Regina Jonas was the first woman rabbi in the world, ordained in 1935.
    1996 - Daniel Goldin, administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration announced scientific evidence that there was life on Mars. The discovery was made by Dr. Roberta Score and a team of American scientists. Using electron microscopes, they examined a 4.5 billion year old Martian meteorite that struck Antarctica 13,000 years ago and found fossils of what appeared to be a “primitive form of microscopic life.” 
    1996 - The soundtrack to the film "She's The One," starring Edward Burns and Jennifer Aniston, is released. The album is record by Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and features the single, "Walls.”
    1999 - "The Sixth Sense" opened with Bruce Willis starring as a child psychologist and Haley Joel Osment, who plays an 8-year-old who is visited by ghosts. As of July 24, 2001, it had rung up $293,501,675 at the box office.  I didn’t realize Willis was a ghost. When you see it a second time, it gives a different perspective to the movie.
    2001 - The Hall of Fame Veterans Committee comprised of five former players, five media members and five former executives, which was established in 1953, is to be replaced by a 90-member group made up of the members of the Hall of Fame (61), the recipients of the J.G. Taylor Spink award for writers (13), the Ford C. Frick award for broadcasters (13) and current Veterans Committee members (3). The new committee will be able elect players only once every two years and executives, umpires and managers only once every four years.
    2002 - Protecting the Giants' 11-10 lead over the Cubs, 32-year old reliever Robb Nen becomes the 16th and youngest closer to record the 300th save of his career.
    2010 - In a 15-minute pre-game ceremony delayed by rain at Turner Field, the Braves retire Tom Glavine's uniform number 47. The southpaw, who won 244 of his 305 career victories with the organization, including five seasons with 20 or more wins, was inducted into the team's Hall of Fame earlier in the day at a luncheon.  Glavine, along with teammate Greg Maddox and manager Bobby Cox were inducted together into the Baseball Hall of Fame on July 27, 2014.
    2012 – NASA’s Curiosity land rover lands on Mars.