1771- Father Junipero Serra founded Mission San Antonio De Padua San Antonio Valley. This valley was the heart of Indian homeland, which ranged from Carmel Valley to Morro Bay. Mission San Antonio produced wine, flour, leather, and everything else to support a population of several thousand souls. After awhile the indigenous people began dying from the Europeans' diseases. Then Mexico won the territory from Spain in a revolution, but began losing political control of California. In 1949, the Randolph Hearst family traded the land with the mission to the U.S. Government.
http://www.pelicannetwork.net/mission.san.antonio.htm
    1773 The first annual conference of the Methodist Church in America convened at St.George's Church in Philadelphia, PA.
    1798—Tax was levied by Congress directly on the states on a direct pro rata tax basis, authority by act of July 14, 1798. It was levied on dwellings, land, and slaves. The amount to be collected was $2 million, which was apportioned to the states in direct ratio to the population.
    1813 - LT John M. Gamble was the first marine to command a ship in battle (prize vessel Greenwich in capture of British whaler Seringapatam).
    1825 - The visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to America in 1824-1825 was in every sense a triumphal procession. The 2nd Battalion, 11th New York Artillery, was one of many militia turned out to welcome him. This unit decided to adopt the title “National Guard” in honor of Lafayette’s command of the Garde Nationale de Paris during the French Revolution. The 11th Battalion, later designated as the 7th Regiment, was prominent in the line of march on the occasion of Lafayette’s final passage through New York en route home to France. Taking note of the troops named for his old command he alighted from his carriage walked down the line clasping each officer by the hand as he proceeded. The 7th New York, with its designation “National Guard” went on to become one of the most famous of all Guard units well into the 20th century. Its nickname has come to represent all American militia for more than century. His visit was extremely well received everywhere he went; a hero of the Revolutionary War.
    1853 - Commodore Matthew Perry met with Prince Toda and Prince Ido at ceremony at Kurihama, Japan, and presented a letter from former Pres. Fillmore to Emperor Osahito requesting trade relations.
    1862- Florence Bascom birthday - U.S. geologist. FB was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. degree from any U.S. university (John Hopkins) and was instrumental in making Bryn Mawr a major center for geology as its longtime, much revered professor. She was the first woman to be elected a fellow of the Geological Society of America. Her domestic partner Julia Anna Gardner (b. 01-26-1882) was also a geologist who did important work in economic geology and assisted in the strategic planning efforts of WWII.
http://www.angelfire.com/anime2/100import/bascom.html
http://www.tsha.utexas.edu/handbook/online/articles/view/GG/fga56.html
    1864-Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest suffers his biggest defeat when Union General Andrew J. Smith routs his force in Tupelo, Mississippi. The battle came just a month after the Battle of Brice's Crossroads, in which Forrest engineered a brilliant victory over a larger Union force from Memphis that was designed to keep him from threatening General William T. Sherman's supply lines in Tennessee. Hoping to neutralize Forrest, Sherman sent Smith's expedition to destroy Forrest and his cavalry. Smith left LaGrange, Tennessee, on June 22 with 14,000 troops. Forrest and his cavalry were part of a 10,000-man force commanded by General Stephen Lee, but Forrest and Lee shared command responsibilities. Forrest's strategy at Tupelo was similar to his tactics at the Battle of West Point, Mississippi, five months earlier. In both battles, Forrest used part of his force to entice the Yankees into a trap. The plan worked well at West Point, but in Tupelo Smith did not take the bait. Instead of driving right at Forrest, Smith dug his troops in around Tupelo. Lee and Forrest were uneasy about attacking the Yankees, but they agreed to try to drive Smith out of Mississippi. The assault began on the morning of July 14. Smith's Union troops were in an ideal position for fending off an attack. The Confederates had to fight uphill across nearly a mile of open terrain. Lee struck one flank and Forrest struck the other. Poor communication ruined the Rebels' coordination, and after three hours they had not breached the Union line. Although Lee was the ranking Confederate, he had offered Forrest command of the battle. Forrest declined, but assigning blame for the defeat is difficult. Union losses stood at 674, while Forrest and Lee lost over 1,300 soldiers.
http://www.civilwarhome.com/natbio.htm
http://ngeorgia.com/people/forrest.html
http://www.blueshoenashville.com/history.html
    1868 - The tape measure was patented by Alvin J. Fellows of New Haven, Connecticut
    1891-African-American John Standard, inventor, receives patent for his improvement on the refrigerator.
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bljohnstandard.htm
    1892-- The Baptist Young People's Union held its first national convention in Detroit. The founding of the BYP Union was inspired by the earlier work of Francis E. Clark, a Congregational pastor who founded the first 'modern' youth fellowship in 1881.
    1896-Los Angeles had its greatest 24 hour July rainfall with .24
    1903 -- Novelist Irving Stone born, San Francisco, Ca.
http://www.answers.com/topic/irving-stone
http://www.fantasticfiction.co.uk/authors/Irving_Stone.htm
    1910-Birthday of William Hann, born at Melrose, New Mexico. He was the co-creator of such popular characters as Tom and Jerry, Yogi Bear, Snagglepuss and Magilla Gorilla. With partner Joe Barbera, he won sever Academy awards for his Tom and Jerry cartoon shorts and another eight works were nominated. the Hanna-Barbera team created the first animated TV sitcom for adults, The Flintstones (1960), and such favorites as the Jetsons and Scooby-Doo, Where are You? Hanna died at Los Angeles, CA., on March 22,2001.
    1912-Birthday of Woodrow Wilson “ Woody” Guthrie, American folksinger, song writer (“This Land is Your Land,” “Union Maid, “ “Hard Traveling,”) born at Okemah, OK. Traveled the country by freight train singing and listening. Died Oct. 3, 1967 at New York, NY. Father of singer Arlo Guthrie.
http://www.cooper.edu/~george/born2win.html
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/wwghtml/wwghome.html
CHORUS: This land is your land, this land is my land
From California to the New York island
From the Redwood forest to the Gulf Stream waters
This land was made for you and me
As I was walking that ribbon of highway
I saw above me that endless skyway
I saw below me that golden valley
This land was made for you and me

I roamed and rambled and followed my footsteps
O'er the sparkling sands of her diamond deserts
While all around me, a voice was saying
This land was made for you and me

When the sun came shining and I was strolling
And the wheat fields waving and the dust clouds rolling
As the fog was lifting, a voice was chanting
This land was made for you and me

As I went walking, I saw a sign there
On the sign it said NO TRESPASSING
But on the other side it didn't say nothing
That side was made for you and me!

In the squares of the city, in the shadow of the steeple
In the relief office, I seen my people;
As they stood there hungry I stood there asking,
Is this land made for you and me?

Nobody living can ever stop me
As I go walking that freedom highway
Nobody living can make me turn back
This land was made for you and me

    1913-Birthday of Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States(1974-77) Born Leslie King at Omaha, NE. Ford became 41st vice president of the US on December 6, 1973, by appointment, following the resignation of Spiro T. Agnew from that office on October 10,1973. Ford became president on August 9,1974, following the resignation from that office on the day of Richard M. Nixon. He was the first nonelected vice president and president of the US.
    1918-Birthday Jay Forrester, a pioneer in computer memory. Forrester studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he later became a professor and researcher. In 1945, he founded MIT's Digital Computer Laboratory and helped build an early digital computer called the "Whirlwind I." His work at the lab made him realize that existing information storage techniques were slow and, even worse, unreliable. In 1949, he developed a way to use a magnetic cell to store information. The random-access magnetic core memory became a central feature of most digital computers. Forrester later applied computer science to management problems, creating computer simulations of real world problems in manufacturing and other processes/
    1921 -- Sacco and Vanzetti case goes to the jury. At 7:30 in the evening the jury returns its verdict: both are both found guilty of murder in the first degree. Their long years of appeals & massive protests world-wide, begins.
    1923-birthday of Frances Lear, U.S. publisher of Lear Magazine for "the woman who wasn't born yesterday." It failed. It cost her $25 million of the estimated $100-112 million she received as a divorce settlement from her partner-husband Norman Lear, producer of two of TV's biggest hits, All in the Family and Maude, the latter allegedly based on Frances Lear's life as a businesswoman and a feminist activist.
    1929-Birthday of Alan Dawson drums, Marietta PA
    1934 --116ø F (47ø C), Orogrande, New Mexico (state record)
    1936-- 116ø F (47ø C), Collegeville, Indiana (state record)
    1942 - It was their last duet together for Helen O’Connell and Bob Eberly when they recorded "Brazil" with the Jimmy Dorsey band.
    1943-The first national monument dedicated to an African-American was the George Washington Carver National Monument, authorized this day, officially established June 14,1951, and dedicated on July 14,1953. It consists of 210 acres about 2.5 miles southwest of Diamond in Newton County, MO. It is administered by the National Park Service.
http://www.nps.gov/gwca/
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/national_parks/washington_carver_area98.pdf
    1947—Top Hits
Peg o’ My Heart - The Harmonicats
I Wonder, I Wonder, I Wonder - Eddy Howard
Chi-Baba, Chi-Baba - Perry Como
Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette) - Tex Williams
    1948 -- The New Yorker publishes J. D. Salinger's intriguing short story of infidelity & self-deception, "Pretty Mouth & Green My Eyes."
    1950 - No. 1 Billboard Pop Hit: "Mona Lisa," Nat King Cole. The song, which tops Billboard's pop chart for eight weeks, is featured in the film "Capt. Carey, U.S.A.," sells more than 3 million copies. The song receives a Grammy Hall of Fame Award in 1992.
    1951-Citation, winner of the 1949 Triple Crown, became the first horse to pass the $1 million mark in career earnings by winning the Hollywood Gold Cub, after which the colt was retired. Citation raced 45 times, won $1,085,76--- and finished out of the money only once.
    1955 - The film version of Mister Roberts, starring Henry Fonda and James Cagney, opened in New York. Jack Lemmon later won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and the movie received a nomination for Best Picture.
    1955—Top Hits
Rock Around the Clock - Bill Haley & His Comets
Learnin’ the Blues - Frank Sinatra
Hard to Get - Giselle Mackenzie
A Satisfied Mind - Porter Wagoner
    1957 - On CBS radio, comedian Stan Freberg presented a new, weekly, comedy program. Though Freberg was well known for certain radio commercials, he was a late comer to the radio program race. Television was blamed for the short life of The Freberg show.
    1960 - No. 1 Billboard Pop Hit: "I'm Sorry," Brenda Lee.
    1962- - Bobby Vinton’s Roses are Red became the top song in the U.S. The song stayed at the top for four weeks and was the first of four #1 hits for Vinton. The others were: Blue Velvet, There! I’ve Said It Again and Mr. Lonely. Roses are Red was also Vinton’s first million-seller. He had two others: I Love How You Love Me (#9 in 1968) and My Melody of Love (#3 in 1974.)
    1963—Top Hits
Easier Said Than Done - The Essex
Surf City - Jan & Dean
Tie Me Kangaroo Down, Sport - Rolf Harris
Act Naturally - Buck Owens
    1964- The Rolling Stones score their first #1 hit in the UK with their cover of Bobby Womack's "It's All Over Now."
    1967- Eddie Mathews of the Houston Astros hit the 500th home run of his career of Juan Marichal of the San Francisco Giants. Houston beat the Giants, 8-6. Mathews played in the majors from 1952 through 1968 and finished w2ith 512 homers.
    1967 -- Steve Miller Blues Band & the Sunshine Company concert at California Hall in San Francisco.
    1967 - The Who begins its first U.S. tour, opening for Herman's Hermits.
    1968-Henry Aaron of the Atlanta Braves hit the 500th home run of his career, connecting off lefthander Mike McCormick of the San Francisco Giants. Aaron ended his career as baseball’s home run champ with 755 round trippers to his credit.
    1968 -- Bill Graham leaves the Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco to take over the Carousel Ballroom. Electric Flag & Blue Cheer closed out performances at the Fillmore at Geary & Fillmore streets.
    1971—Top Hits
It’s Too Late/I Feel the Earth Move - Carole King
Indian Reservation - Raiders
You’ve Got a Friend - James Taylor
When You’re Hot, You’re Hot - Jerry Reed
    1973 - The Everly Brothers break up during mid-performance at a show at Knott's Berry Farm in Anaheim, California as Phil storms off the stage, vowing never to sing with his brother again. They much later get back together, as middle-age singers, joining Paul Simon on tour, as Simon says he and Garfunkle were imitating their favorite group: the Everly Brothers.
    1976-The Democratic National Convention nominated Jimmy Carter for the presidency on the first ballot. The next day Sen. Walter F. Mondale of Minnesota was nominated for the vice presidency. November 2 he beat incumbent president Gerald Ford 40,828,929 to 39,148,940. He received 297 electoral votes to Ford’s 297. The Democrats kept a 2-1 Senate majority, 61-38, with one seat going to an independent, and a House majority of 292-143.
    1979-"Bad Girls" by Donna Summer topped the charts and stayed there for 5 weeks.
Bad girls
Talking about the sad girls
Sad girls
Talking about bad girls, yeah

See them out on the street at night, walkin'
Picking up on all kinds of strangers
If the price is right
You can't score if you're pocket's tight
But you want a good time
You ask yourself who they are
Like everybody else
They come from near and far
Bad girls, yeah

Bad girls
Talking about the sad girls, yeah
Sad girls
Talking about bad girls, yeah

Friday night and the strip is hot
Sun's gone down and they're out to trot
Spirit's high and legs look hot
Do you wanna get down
Now don't you ask yourself who they are
Like everybody else, they wanna be a star

Bad girl
Sad girl, you're such a naughty bad girl
Beep-Beep, uh-uh
You bad girl you sad girl
Your such a dirty bad girl
Beep-Beep, uh-uh

Now you and me we're both the same
But you call yourself by different names
Now your mama won't like it when she finds out
That her girl is out at night

Hey, Mister, have you got a dime
Mister, do you want to spent some time
Oh, yeah
I got what you want, you got what I need
I'll be your baby, come and spend it on me
Hey, Mister
I'll spend some time with you
    1979—Top Hits
Ring My Bell - Anita Ward
Bad Girls - Donna Summer
Chuck E.’s in Love - Rickie Lee Jones
Amanda - Waylon Jennings
    1981 - When the All-Star Game was postponed because due to a players strike that had lasted 33 days so far, about 15,000 fans showed up to boo the players, who were not there. The 52nd All-Star classic would not be held until August 9th, and would take place at the Cleveland Municipal Stadium.
    1985 - Baltimore clinched their second consecutive United States Football League championship when they defeated Oakland 28-24. The game was also they last of the league's spring schedule. All 14 teams totaled losses estimated at $63 million. When team owners refused to tally up any more financial losses, the USFL faded away. Plans for the league to resume in the fall of 1986 were never brought up.
    1987 - The All-Star Game had its second-longest game in history when it took the National League 13 innings to defeat the American League in a 2-0 shutout. Played in Oakland, California, the game lasted 3 hours, 39 minutes.
    1987 - The Directors Guild of America initiated a strike in Hollywood, California, against Warner Brothers and Columbia Pictures at 6:00 a.m. At 6:05 a.m. on the same day, a film and television contract of agreement was reached, putting an end to the shortest strike in Hollywood history.
    1987—Top Hits
I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me) - Whitney Houston
Shakedown - Bob Seger
Songbird - Kenny G
All My Ex’s Live in Texas - George Strait
    1987-- Lt Col Oliver North concludes 6 days of Congressional testimony. Gore was not on the Senate committee, and Lt. North did not name Ossma Bin Linden
http://www.rotten.com/library/bio/usa/oliver-north/
    1993 - The U.S. Postal Service releases stamps honoring four Broadway musicals. The 29-cent stamps feature scenes from "My Fair Lady," "Porgy and Bess," "Show Boat" and "Oklahoma!" and are issued in first day ceremonies in New York's Times Square.
    1995-Big heat wave in the central and eastern U.S. with all time highs at Chicago/Midway with 106, La Crosse, WI with 108
    1995-Boston, MA and Burlington, VT both hit 100 F.
    1995-South Bend, IN at 100 and Toledo, OH at 104 set all-time highs.
    2000-- A report presented to owners, The Commissioner's Initiative: Women and Baseball, finds women make up 46 percent of the average crowd at a big league game and urges major league franchises to make more of an effort to market to women patrons. According to the same report forty-three percent of women could not name a player on their home team's roster.
    2005- Defeating their historical arch rivals, the Giants become the first team to win 10,000 games as a franchise by edging the Dodgers in Los Angeles, 4-3. The Giants, who started as the New York Gothams in 1899, have posted a 10,000-8,511 record during the club’s 123 seasons in the National League.
    2005- The first-known baseball card, which is part of a children's educational game, illustrates several boys playing together in a field as one pitches a ball to another holding a bat, makes its public debut at the Smithsonian Institution. The discovery of the historic card, which was discovered in an attic in Maine, dates to the early 19th century and predates other known cards by several decades.