1646 - The Massachusetts Bay Colony passed a law making it a capital offense to deny that the Bible was the Word of God. Any person convicted of the offense was liable to the death penalty.
    1791 - General Arthur St. Clair, governor of Northwest Territory, was badly defeated by a large Indian army near Fort Wayne. Miami Indian Chief Little Turtle led the powerful force of Miami, Wyandotte, Iroquois, Shawnee, Delaware, Ojibwa and Potawatomi that inflicted the greatest defeat ever suffered by the U.S. Army at the hands of North American Indians. Some 623 regulars led by General Arthur St. Clair were killed and 258 wounded on the banks of the Wabash River near present day Fort Wayne, Indiana. The staggering defeat moved Congress to authorize a larger army in 1792.
    1798 - Congress agreed to pay a yearly tribute to Tripoli, considering it the only way to protect U.S. shipping. The US has no appreciable Navy as yet. This is the most expedient and assured way to protect American shipping in the Mediterranean.
    1841 – The first wagon train arrives in California.  John Bidwell, of New York, at age 21 along with Capt. John Bartleson organized the Western Emigration Society and led the first wagon train of pioneers across the Rocky Mountains. On May 1, 1841, they headed west out of Missouri. There were 69 adults, with only 5 women and a couple of children. None of them, including Bidwell and Bartleson had ever been to California. 
At a pace of roughly 12 to 15 miles a day in their Conestoga wagons, they arrived at Soda Springs, Idaho and broke into two groups. Half wanted to travel to Williamette Valley, Oregon with Bartelson, the other half to California with Bidwell.  The Bidwell group suffered desperate hardship after having to abandon their wagons to cover the rough terrain, lack of clear water and near starvation, crossing the Sierra Nevada Mountains before arriving in the area of Tuolumne County on this day. It was estimated that only 100 white Americans even lived in California before the wagon train led by Bidwell arrived.
     1842 – Abraham Lincoln married Mary Todd in Springfield, IL.
     1845 – The first uniformly observed Election Day in the US.
     1854 – The lighthouse is built on Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay.
     1856 - James Buchanan was elected US president. Stephen A. Douglas coveted the Democratic nomination in 1856, but his reputation had been badly tarnished by ongoing violence in Kansas. In his place, the Democrats turned to James Buchanan, who had been the minister to Britain from 1853 to 1856 and was not linked to the Kansas issue. The Republicans ran their first presidential campaign in 1856, choosing noted Western explorer John C. Frémont, “The Pathfinder." Frémont had no political record that was regarded as a plus, but held abolitionist views that was a negative in the eyes of many moderates. The Republicans ran a campaign calling for repeal of the hated Kansas-Nebraska Act, opposition to the extension of slavery into the territories and support for internal improvement projects. They also took every opportunity to blame the Democrats for the horrors of “Bleeding Kansas." Buchanan emerged the victor, but failed to gain a majority of the popular vote. In fact, a shift of a small number of votes in several states would have tipped the electoral tally to the Republicans. Mirroring the sectional feelings of the day, the Democrats were strong in the South, the Republicans in the North. The election in 1856 brought a weak president to leadership in a badly divided nation.
    1861 – The University of Washington opens in Seattle as the Territorial University.
    1862 - The Gatling gun, designed by Richard Jordan Gatling, was given a patent. Its chief feature, six barrels revolving around a central axis, permitted high rates of fire. The first gun, which fired 250 shots a minute, was made in Indianapolis. It was not employed by Union forces for over two years, first utilized in the siege of Petersburg, Virginia in the 1864-65 battles. The military did not know how to utilize the new weapon and the general was later demoted. It was later utilized successfully by the military in the West against American Indians who had bows and arrows.
    1864 - Battle of Johnsonville, Tennessee. In the summer of 1864, Sherman captured Atlanta, and by November, he was planning his march across Georgia. Meanwhile, the defeated Confederates hoped that destroying his line would draw Sherman out of the Deep South. Nobody was better at raiding than Forrest, but Union pursuit had kept him in Mississippi during the Atlanta campaign. Johnsonville was an important transfer point from boats on the Tennessee River to a rail line that connected with Nashville to the east. When Sherman sent part of his army back to Nashville to protect his supply lines, Forrest hoped to apply pressure to that force. Forrest began moving part of his force to Johnsonville on October 16, but most of his men were not in place until early November. Incredibly, the Union forces, which numbered about 2,000, seem to have been completely unaware of the Confederates just across the river. Forrest brought up artillery and began a barrage at 2 p.m. on November 5. The attack was devastating. One observer noted, "The wharf for nearly one mile up and down the river presented one solid sheet of flame." More than $6 million worth of supplies were destroyed, along with four gunboats, 14 transports, and 20 barges. General George Thomas, commander of the Union force at Nashville, had to divert troops to protect Johnsonville. After the raid, Forrest's reputation grew, but the raid did not deter Sherman from embarking on the March to the Sea, his devastating expedition across Georgia.
      1873 - Dentist John Beers of San Francisco patents the gold crown.    
    1879 - Birthday of Will Rogers, American writer, actor, humorist and grassroots philosopher, at Oologah, Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). With aviator Wiley Post, he was killed in an airplane crash near Point Barrow, AK, on August 15, 1935. “My forefathers”, he said, “didn't come over on the Mayflower, but they met the boat.”
    1879 - African-American T. Elkins patents the refrigerating apparatus.
    1879 - James Ritty patents 1st cash register, to combat stealing by bartenders in his Dayton, Ohio saloon.  The succeeding company, National Cash Register, now NCR, is still headquartered in Dayton.
     1884 - Grover Cleveland was elected president of the United Sates; Thomas A. Hendricks was elected vice-president. The electoral vote was Cleveland, 219; James G. Blaine, Republican of Maine, 182. The popular vote was Cleveland 4,911,017; Blaine 4,848,334. In congressional elections, the Republicans gained five seats in the Senate to gain a 43-34 majority. In the House, the Republicans gained 22 seats, but the Democrats held a 183-140 majority. Robert M. La Follette, Republican of Wisconsin, was elected to his first term in the House of Representatives. A celebrated presidential campaign slogan aimed at Grover Cleveland was, “Ma, Ma, where's my Pa?”, a reference to Cleveland's admission that he fathered a child out of wedlock. To this query the Democrats would reply, “Gone to the White House, ha, ha, ha.”
    1897 - The first Library of Congress building opened its doors to the public. Previously, the Library had been housed in the Congressional Reading Room in the U.S. Capitol.  http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/nov01.html
    [relo-chron] 1898 - The first church to bear the Pentecostal Holiness name was organized at Goldsboro, NC, under the leadership of Methodist evangelist Ambrose Blackman Crumpler, 35.
    1906 - Birthday of Robert Bernard “Bob” Considine, sportswriter and author, born at Washington, DC. Considine parlayed some early success as a tennis player and a job as a federal government clerk into a career as a sportswriter. He covered baseball starting in 1933 and soon became a columnist for the Hearst newspapers. He branched out into politics and national affairs and served as a war correspondent during World War II. He wrote or coauthored more than 25 books, including the screenplay for “Pride of the Yankees,” the film biography of Lou Gehrig that starred Gary Cooper and Walter Brennan.  Died at New York, NY, Sept 1, 1975.
    1904 – The first stadium built exclusively for football was completed at Harvard.  It is still in use today and was the site of the heralded 1968 game when “Harvard Beats Yale, 29-29”.  That game included All-Ivy lineman Tommy Lee Jones for Harvard and future NFL All-Pro RB Calvin Hill of Yale.
   1908 – The Brooklyn Academy of Music opened.
   1916 - Birthday of Walter Leland Cronkite, Jr., journalist, former 19-year anchor for “CBS Evening News” at St. Joseph, MO.  During the heyday of “CBS News” in the 1960s and 1970s, he was often cited as "the most trusted man in America" after being so named in an opinion poll.   He reported many events from 1937 to 1981, including bombings in World War II; the Nuremberg trials; combat in the Vietnam war, Watergate, the Iran Hostage Crisis, and the assassinations of President Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Jr., and John Lennon. He was also known for his extensive coverage of the U.S. space program..  He was the only non-NASA recipient of a Moon-rock award. Cronkite is well known for his departing catchphrase "And that's the way it is," followed by the date on which the appearance aired.  During the Vietnam War, in February, 1968, Cronkite traveled there to view first-hand the status of the war.  His report was aired upon his return and it cast speculation that the reports being issued by the government accurately depicted the state of the war.  Following Cronkite's editorial report, President Lyndon Johnson is claimed by some to have said, "If I've lost Cronkite, I've lost Middle America”.  Cronkite died in 2009 in NYC. 
    1916 – American Medal of Honor recipient, Sgt. John Basilone was born in Buffalo, NY.  Basilone was cited for heroism during the Battle of Guadalcanal and he was the only Marine enlisted man to receive both the Medal of Honor and the Navy Cross in World War II. At Guadalcanal, he held off 3,000 Japanese troops after his 15-member unit was reduced to two other men. On the first day of the Battle of Iwo Jima, he was killed in action, after which he was posthumously awarded the Navy Cross for extraordinary heroism. He has received many honors including being the namesake for streets, military locations, and a United States Navy destroyer. 
      1916 – Ruth Handler, Barbie’s creator, was born in Denver.  She died in 2002 of colon cancer.
      1918 - Birthday of Art Carney, actor, comedian, at Mount Vernon, NY.  He is best known for playing Ed Norton, opposite Jackie Gleason’s Ralph Kramden in “The Honeymooners”, and for winning the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in “Harry and Tonto”.  Carney died in 2003 in Connecticut.
    1919 - Birthday of bass player Joe Benjamin, Atlantic, City, NJ
http://www.jazzvalley.com/musician/joe.benjamin
http://shopping.yahoo.com/shop?d=product&id=1927041585
    1920 - Women voted nationally for the first time after the passage of the 21st amendment.
    1922 - Birthday of pianist Ralph Sutton, Hamburg, MO
http://www.artistdirect.com/music/artist/bio/0,,499089,00.html
?artist=Ralph+Sutton
http://www.riverwalk.org/profiles/sutton.htm
http://www.jazzcanadiana.on.ca/_SUTTON.htm
    1924 - Calvin Coolidge was elected President of the United States. Coolidge was already in the office of president having succeeded Warren G. Harding after his death in office. The electoral vote was Coolidge 382; John, W. Davis, Democratic candidate, 13. The popular vote was Coolidge 15,725,016; Davis 8,385,503, La Follette, 4,822,856. The huge Republican victory in the presidential election was anticipated.  The Democrats had torn themselves apart in a struggle for the nomination. Gov. Alfred E. Smith of New York represented the East and the big cities, and William G. McAdoo of Tennessee, the southern and western parts of the country. The eventual nominee was John W. Davis, an able man but almost unknown to the voters. The Republicans, on the other hand, could point with pride to Calvin Coolidge and a record of prosperity. The Democrats tried to make much of the scandals of the Harding administration but failed to stir the electorate. In fact, despite a strong third party in the field, only about half of those eligible to vote did so.
    1924 - The first woman governor was Nellie Taylor Ross, Wyoming, elected to fill the unexpired term of her late husband, William Bradley Ross. From 1933 to 1935, she served as Director of the Mint, the first woman to do so.
    1924 – California legalized professional boxing.
    1926 - Birthday of percussionist Carlos “Potato” Valdez, Havana, Cuba
http://www.jazzgalerie.de/galerieseiten/VC1.HTM
    1927 - A great Vermont flood occurred. Tropical rains deluged the Green Mountain area of Vermont causing the worst flood in the history of the state. Torrential rains, up to 15 inches in the higher elevations, sent streams on a rampage devastating the Winooski Valley. Flooding claimed 200 lives and caused 40 million dollars damage. The town of Vernon reported 84 deaths. Flooding left up to eight to ten feet of water in downtown Montpelier, VT. (2nd-4th)
    1928 - Arnold Rothstein, New York's most notorious gambler, is shot and killed during a poker game at the Park Central Hotel in Manhattan. After finding Rothstein bleeding profusely at the service entrance of the hotel, police followed his trail of blood back to a suite where a group of men were playing cards. Reportedly, Rothstein had nothing good in his final hand. Rothstein was widely reputed to have organized corruption in professional sports, conspiring in the fixing the 1919 Black Sox World Series.  In the 1920's, Rothstein began purchasing nightclubs, racehorses, and brothels. He had such a formidable presence in the criminal underworld that he was reportedly once paid half a million dollars to mediate a gang war. As Rothstein's fortune grew to an estimated $50 million, he became a high-level loan shark, liberally padding the pockets of police and judges to evade the law. He is fabled to have carried around $200,000 in pocket money at all times.  Rothstein's luck finally ran out in 1928 when he encountered an unprecedented losing streak. At a poker game in September with "Hump" McManus, "Nigger Nate" Raymond, and "Titanic" Thompson, Rothstein lost a cool $320,000 and then refused to pay on the grounds that the game had been rigged. Two months later, McManus invited Rothstein to play what would be his final poker game. Police were never able to identify Rothstein's murderer. Asked who had shot him before dying, Rothstein reportedly put his finger to his lips and kept the gangsters' code of silence.
    1928 - Birthday of drummer Larry Bunker, Long Beach, CA.
  http://www.jazzvalley.com/musician/larry.bunker
http://shopping.yahoo.com/shop?d=product&id=
1927046069&clink=dmmu.artist&a=b
    1934 – The Pittsburgh Steelers ended the Detroit Lions’ shutout streak at seven game but lost, 40-7.
    1935 - The so-called Yankee Hurricane hit Miami with winds of 95 mph. It was unusual in that it moved into the area from the northeast
    1936 - Future U.S. Senate Chaplain Rev. Peter Marshall, 34, married Catherine Wood, 22. Following Peter's premature death at age 46, Catherine immortalized his name through her 1951 best-selling biography, "A Man Called Peter."
    1937 – Birthday of “Hot Lips”, actress Loretta Swit, in Passaic, NJ.  Starting in 1972, Swit played head nurse Major Margaret "Hot Lips" Houlihan in the long-running and highly popular television series “M*A*S*H”. She inherited the role from actress Sally Kellerman, who portrayed Houlihan in the feature film. Swit was one of only four cast members to stay for all 11 seasons of the show, from 1972 to 1983.
     1939 - The Packard Motor Car Company, Detroit, publicly exhibited the first air-conditioned car at the 40th Automobile Show, Chicago, IL. Air in the car was cooled to the temperature desired, dehumidified, filtered, and circulated. The refrigerating coils were located behind the rear seat in tan air duct, with heating coils into another compartment of the same duct. The capacity of the unit was equivalent to 1.5 tons of ice in 24 hours when the car was driven at 60 miles per hour, or 2 tons at 80 miles per hour. The invention was first offered to the Ford Motor Company, invented by the Greenberg Brothers. It was a sweltering August day when the three Greenberg Brothers entered the posh Dearborn, Michigan offices of the notoriously anti-Semitic carmaker,  Henry Ford. "Mr. Ford," announced Hyman Greenberg, the eldest of the three, "we have a remarkable invention that will revolutionize the automobile industry."  Ford looked skeptical, but their threats to offer it to the competition kept his interest piqued. Hi Greenberg continued, "We would like to demonstrate it to you in person." After a little cajoling, they brought Mr. Ford outside and asked him to enter a black car that was parked in front of the building. Norman Greenberg, the middle brother, opened the door of the car. "Please step inside, Mr. Ford." "What!" shouted the tycoon, "are you crazy? It must be one hundred degrees in that car!" "It is," smiled the youngest brother, Max, "but sit down, Mr. Ford, and push the white button." Intrigued, Ford pushed the button. All of a sudden a whoosh of freezing air started blowing from vents all around the car, and within seconds the automobile was not only comfortable, it was quite cool! "This is amazing!" exclaimed Ford. "How much do you want for the patent?" Norman spoke up. "The price is one million dollars." Then he paused, "And there is something else. We want the name 'Greenberg Brothers Air Conditioning' to be stamped right next to the Ford logo." "Money is no problem," retorted Ford, "but no way will I have a Jewish name next to my logo on my cars!" They haggled back and forth for a while and finally they settled. One and one half million dollars, and the name Greenberg would be left off.   However, the first names of the Greenberg brothers would be forever emblazoned upon the console of every Ford air conditioning system. And that is why today, whenever you enter a Ford vehicle you will see those three names clearly defined on the air-conditioning control panel: Max-Hi-Norm
    1946 - Birthday of Laura Bush, former First Lady, wife of President George W. Bush, in Midland, TX. She attended Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas, where she earned a Bachelor of Science degree in education in 1968. After college, she worked as a teacher at Longfellow Elementary School in the Dallas Independent School District until 1969 and then moved to Houston, Texas, where she taught at John F. Kennedy Elementary School in the Houston Independent School District until 1972. "Later, she enrolled at the University of Texas at Austin and earned a Master of Library Science degree in 1973. Afterward, she worked at the Houston Public Library, Kashmere Gardens Branch until she moved back to Austin in 1974.  She worked as a librarian at Dawson Elementary School until 1977, when she met George Walker Bush at the home of mutual friends. They married in November, 1977 and made their home in Midland. In 1981, George and Laura Bush became the proud parents of twin girls, who are named Barbara and Jenna, after their grandmothers.
    1946 - UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization formed.
    1948 – T.S. Eliot won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
    1949 - “One Man's Family” premiered on TV. This series occurred at the same time as the popular radio continuing drama.  In the first season, the cast included Bert Lytell as Henry Barbour, a wealthy San Francisco stockbroker, and Majorie Gateson as his wife, Fanny. Also included were Eva Maria Saint and Tony Randall. The second time the show came to TV, it was a 15-minute serial and had an entirely new cast.
    1950 - *POYNTER, JAMES I.,  Medal of Honor.
Rank and organization: Sergeant, U.S. Marine Corps Reserve, Company A, 1st Battalion, 7th Marines, 1st Marine Division (Rein.). Place and date: Near Sudong, Korea, 4 November 1950. Entered service at: Downey, Calif. Born: 1 December 1916, Bloomington, Ill. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while serving as a squad leader in a rifle platoon of Company A, in action against enemy aggressor forces during the defense of Hill 532, south of Sudong, Korea. When a vastly outnumbering, well-concealed hostile force launched a sudden, vicious counterattack against his platoon's hasty defensive position, Sgt. Poynter displayed superb skill and courage in leading his squad and directing its fire against the onrushing enemy. With his ranks critically depleted by casualties and he himself critically wounded as the onslaught gained momentum and the hostile force surrounded his position, he seized his bayonet and engaged in bitter hand-to-hand combat as the breakthrough continued. Observing 3 machineguns closing in at a distance of 25 yards, he dashed from his position and, grasping hand grenades from fallen marines as he ran, charged the emplacements in rapid succession, killing the crews of 2 and putting the other out of action before he fell, mortally wounded. By his self-sacrificing and valiant conduct, Sgt. Poynter inspired the remaining members of his squad to heroic endeavor in bearing down upon and repelling the disorganized enemy, thereby enabling the platoon to move out of the trap to a more favorable tactical position. His indomitable fighting spirit, fortitude, and great personal valor maintained in the face of overwhelming odds sustain and enhance the finest traditions of the U.S. Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life for his country.
    1951 - Top Hits
Because of You - Tony Bennett
I Get Ideas - Tony Martin
Down Yonder - Del Wood
Slow Poke - Pee Wee King
    1952 - America said, “I Like Ike”. The Dwight D. Eisenhower/Richard M. Nixon ticket won a sweeping (55%-44%) victory over Democrat Adlai E. Stevenson and running mate John J. Sparkman. Eisenhower was the 34th president of the U.S. The electoral vote was Eisenhower, 442, Gov. Adele E. Stevenson, Democrat, 89. The popular vote was Eisenhower, 36,938,285; Stevenson 27,312,217; Vincent Hallinan, Progressive, 140,138. The Republicans gained one Senate seat for a 48-47 majority with one seat going to a minor party. In the House, they gained 22 seats for a 221-211 majority, one seating to a minority party. On Election Day, 1952, UNIVAC, the world's first commercially available electronic computer, predicted a landslide for Eisenhower in his presidential race against Adlai Stevenson. In a test televised by CBS, the computer used early returns from key states to predict the election, based on voting patterns from 1944 and 1948. However, the computer's predictions were radically different from polls taken by Gallup and Roper, which predicted a close race, and the computer's programmers made adjustments so that the computer's first broadcast prediction corresponded more closely to the polls. Only an hour after the polls had closed with less than ten percent of the votes had been counted, the CBS TV Network, which employed the computer, was able to predict Eisenhower's landslide victory, trumping human experts who had predicted a close race. Ironically, the computer's original prediction of 438 electoral votes for Eisenhower and 93 for Stevenson was only off by four votes. The nation watched with interest as a Republican administration took over the reins of government for the first time in 24 years. The most explosive internal problem was Joseph R. McCarthy. Republican of Wisconsin, charging Soviet espionage activities in the U.S. The administration most outstanding success was a peace agreement in Korea. Pres. Eisenhower announced the agreement to a relieved country, but warned,  “We have won armistice on a single battleground, but not peace in the world.
    1952 – National Security Administration (NSA) is created.
    1953 - Hulan Jack was the first Black elected as Borough President of Manhattan, NYC.
    1953 - “How to Marry a Millionaire” premiered, starring Marilyn Monroe, Betty Grable and Lauren Bacall.  It was one of the most popular films with the most beautiful women, about three women whose goal in life was to marry a rich man. The ending: love triumphs over all, and to the surprise of all, the richest man of the group.
    1954 - Florence Henderson, who was all of 20 years old, joined with Ezio Pinza and Walter Slezak in "Fanny". The show lit up Broadway 888 times.
    1955 – Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Denton True “Cy’ Young died at the age of 88 in Ohio.  During his 21-year baseball career (1890–1911), he pitched for five different teams. Young established numerous pitching records, some of which have stood for a century. Young compiled 511 wins, the most in history and 94 ahead of Walter Johnson who is second on the list. Young was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1937.  In 1956, the Cy Young Award was created to honor the previous season's best pitcher.  In addition to wins, Young still holds the major league records for most career innings (7,355), most career games started (815), and most complete games (749). He also retired with the most losses, 316.  Young's 76 career shutouts are fourth all-time. He also won at least 30 games in a season five times, with ten other seasons of 20 or more wins.  In addition, Young pitched three no-hitters, including the third perfect game in baseball history, first in baseball's "modern era".
    1958 - African-American Shirley Verrett, world renowned opera singer, makes her debut in New York City.
    1954 - Philadelphia A's move to Kansas City
    1956 - Top Hits on the pop and R&B charts:
"Jailhouse Rock" - Elvis Presley
"Wake Up Little Susie" - The Everly Brothers
"You Send Me" - Sam Cooke's
"Silhouettes" - The Rays
"Be-Bop Baby" - Rickie Nelson
"Honeycomb" - Jimmie Rodgers
    1958 - No. 1 Billboard Pop Hit:  “It's Only Make Believe,'' Conway Twitty.
    1959 - Top Hits
Mack the Knife - Bobby Darin
Mr. Blue - The Fleetwoods
Put Your Head on My Shoulder - Paul Anka
The Three Bells - The Browns
    1960 – “D list” comedian Kathy Griffin was born in Chicago.
    1961 – “The Karate Kid”, Ralph Macchio was born in Huntington, Long Island.
    1961 - Bob Dylan makes his debut at the Carnegie Chapter Hall in New York City. Most of the fifty people in attendance are his friends who paid two bucks to get in. Dylan was paid twenty dollars for the night.
    1962 – The last atmospheric test by the US is conducted above Johnston Isl.  A Nike-Hercules air defense missile was detonated at 69,000 feet.
    1963 - The Beatles appear at the Royal Command Performances at the Prince of Wales Theatre in London. In attendance are the Queen Mother, Princess Margaret and Lord Snowden. It was here that John Lennon made his now famous announcement: "For our last number, I'd like to ask for your help. The people in the cheaper seats clap your hands and the rest of you, if you'd just rattle your jewelry. We'd like to sing a song called Twist and Shout."
    1967 - Smokey Robinson and the Miracles' "I Second That Emotion" is released.
    1967 - Top Hits
To Sir with Love - Lulu
Soul Man - Sam & Dave
It Must Be Him - Vikki Carr
You Mean the World to Me - David Houston
    1968 - Shirley Chisholm became the first black woman elected to the House of Representatives.
http://www.africanamericans.com/ShirleyChisholm.htm
http://nh.essortment.com/shirleychisholm_ruol.htm
http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/wlm/equal/
    1969 – Actor Matthew McConaughey was born in Uvalde, TX.
    1969 - Sean “Puffy” Combs was born in Harlem.
    1970 - King Peter II of Yugoslavia became the first European king to be buried in the United Sates. His Serbian name was Petar Karadjordjevic.   He became King on October 11, 1934. He left Yugoslavia in 1941 after it was invaded by Germany, and headed the exiled Yugoslav government during World War II.   After 1945, when Yugoslavia became a republic, he lived in New York City.
    1970 - The US turns control of the Binh Thuy Air Base in the Mekong Delta over to South Vietnam.
    1970 – Genie, a 13 year old feral child is found in Los Angeles having been locked in her bedroom for most of her life.  She was initially cared for at Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and her subsequent placements eventually gave rise to rancorous and protracted debate. After living at Children's Hospital until late June 1971 she was moved into the home of her teacher at the hospital for a month and a half, which was the first of several moves. Upon removal from this home, she was then placed with the family of the scientist who was heading the research team studying her, where she lived for approximately four years and where most of the testing and research on her was conducted. In mid-1975, soon after turning 18, she went back to live with her mother, who could not adequately care for her. After a few months, Genie's mother then had her placed in the first of a series of institutions for disabled adults. During the year and a half Genie lived at this location, she experienced further extreme physical and emotional abuse.   Cut off from almost all of the people who had studied her, her health severely deteriorated and her newly acquired language and behavioral skills rapidly regressed.  Upon her removal in April 1977, she spent two weeks recovering from her treatment at Children's Hospital before returning to the foster care system.   
In early January 1978, Genie's mother suddenly decided to forbid all of the scientists except for one from having any contact with Genie, and all testing and scientific observations of her immediately ceased. Most of the scientists who studied and worked with Genie have not seen her since this time.  As of 2008, ABC News reported that Genie was living in California, "in psychological confinement as a ward of the state—her sixth foster home. And again, she is speechless.”
    1972 - "I Can See Clearly Now" by Johnny Nash topped the charts and stayed there for 4 weeks.
    1973 - The Chicago Bears set a National Football League record by holding the Green Bay Packers to a minus 12 yards pass
    1973 - The De Franco Family enjoyed their biggest hit when "Heartbeat - It's a Lovebeat" topped out at #3 on the Billboard chart.
    1975 - Top Hits
Island Girl - Elton John
Lyin' Eyes - The Eagles
They Just Can't Stop It (Games People Play) - Spinners
(Turn Out the Lights And) Love Me Tonight - Don Williams
    1976 - Major League Baseball held its first draft of players who had declared themselves free agents. 24 players from 13 clubs were available for selection. Reggie Jackson eventually signed the most lucrative contract in this group, $2.9 million over five years, to play with the New York Yankees.
    1978 - "You Needed Me" by Anne Murray topped the charts and stayed there for a week.
    1979 - 500 Iranians seized the US Embassy in Teheran, taking some 90 hostages, of whom about 60 were Americans. They vowed to hold the hostages until the former Shah, Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, who was in the US for medical treatments, was returned to Iran for trial. The Shad died July 27, 1980, in an Egyptian military hospital near Cairo. The remaining 52 American hostages were released and left Teheran on January 20, 1981, after 444 days of captivity.
    1980 - Republican Ronald Reagan won the White House defeating President Jimmy Carter. Reagan was the 40th President of the U.S., carrying 44 states winning by a landslide (489 electoral votes to Carter's 49). The popular vote was Reagan, 42,797,153; Carter 34, 424,100, John Anderson, independent candidate 5,533,927. In congressional elections, the Republicans picked up 12 Senate seats for a 53-46 majority, with one independent seat. In the House, the Democrats lost 33 seats but kept a majority of 242-192, with one seat going to an independent.  During President Reagan’s inauguration on January 20, 1981, Iran released the 52 captives seized at the U.S. embassy in Teheran, in Nov. 1979,  thus ending the Iranian hostage crisis.
    1980 - Japan's all-time HR hitter, Sadaharu Oh, retires from professional baseball. The Tokyo Yomiuri Giants' first baseman hit a record 868 home runs in his 22-year playing career.
    1981 - “The Fall Guy” premiered on TV. An hour-long adventure series, the story centered around a Hollywood stuntman, Colt Seavers, played by Lee Majors, who also moonlighted as a bounty-hunter, catching bail-jumpers. It also starred Douglas Barr, Heather Thomas, Jo Ann Pflug, Markie Post and Negra Volz. Lee Majors also sang the theme song for the show.
    1981 – Dr. George Nicholopoulus was acquitted of overprescribing addictive drugs for Elvis Presley
     1983 - Top Hits
All Night Long (All Night) - Lionel Richie
One Thing Leads to Another - The Fixx
Telefone (Long Distance Love Affair) - Sheena Easton
Islands in the Stream - Kenny Rogers with Dolly Parton
    1983 - The temperature at Billings, MT soars to 77, a new record for the date and month
    1984 — Seattle sets an NFL record by returning four interceptions for touchdowns in a 45-0 victory over Kansas City. Dave Brown scores twice while Kenny Easley and Keith Simpson also return interceptions for touchdowns. All of the scores are longer than 50 yards.
    1987 - The NBA announces four new franchises; Charlotte and Miami for 1988; Minneapolis and Orlando for 1989.
    1987 - Thirty-two cities in the eastern and south central U.S. reported record high temperatures for the date. Highs of 74 degrees at Portland, ME and 86 degrees at Fort Smith, AR equaled November records. It was the fourth day of record warmth for Beckley, WV, Memphis, TN and Paducah, KY. A cold front ushered much colder air into the north central U.S. Gale force winds lashed all five Great Lakes.
    1989 - Snow and high winds plagued parts of Colorado and Wyoming. Winds gusted to 71 mph near Wheatland, WY, and reached 80 mph west of Fort Collins, CO. Up to five inches of snow blanketed Yellowstone Park, WY closing many roads. Snow also blanketed northern Minnesota, with seven inches reported at Baudette.
    1990 – “Buddy – The Buddy Holly Story” opens at Shubert New York City for 225 performances.  The movie, “The Buddy Holly Story” was released in 1978 and starred Gary Busey as Holly in his first film role, for which he earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor.  The film itself was critically acclaimed.
   1991 - The Ronald Reagan Presidential Library & Museum was dedicated by five American presidents (the first gathering of five U.S. presidents). Reagan, President George Bush, and former presidents Jimmy Carter, Gerald R. Ford and Richard M. Nixon attended the ceremonies in Simi Valley, California.
    1991 - Top Hits
Romantic - Karyn White
Cream - Prince & The N.P.G.
Can't Stop This Thing We Started - Bryan Adams
Anymore - Travis Tritt
    1991 - Bobby "Blue" Bland, Booker T. & The M.G.s, Johnny Cash, Jimi Hendrix, The Isley Brothers, Sam & Dave and The Yardbirds are elected to the Rock & Roll Hall Of Fame.
    1992 - Elton John and his songwriting partner Bernie Taupin sign a $39 million publishing contract with Warner-Chappell music -- the largest music publishing firm.
    1994 – In San Francisco, the first conference is held that focuses exclusively on the subject of the commercial potential of the world wide web.
      1993 - The NBA Board of Governors accepted a recommendation from the Expansion Committee to award a franchise to a Toronto group headed by John Bitlove, Jr. The team, later named the Raptors, began play in the 1995-96 season.
    1997 - After an 18 month delay, Capitol Records releases The Beach Boys' "The Pet Sounds Sessions", a 4-CD boxed set which details the creation of The Beach Boys' album "Pet Sounds". Overseen by producer Brian Wilson, the collection allows the listener to hear a capella vocals from the master tapes and alternate mixes of the songs.
    2001 – The Arizona Diamondbacks win the first World Series played in November, defeating the New York Yankees in game 7, 3-2, on Luis Gonzalez’ walk-off  bloop single off Mariano Rivera.  It began as a matchup of two twenty-game winners:  Roger Clemens at 39 years old became the oldest Game 7 starter ever. Curt Schilling had already started two games of the Series and pitched his 300th inning of the season on just three days' rest. The two aces matched each other inning by inning and after seven, the game was tied at 1–1.  In the eighth, the Yankees’ Alfonso Soriano hit a solo HR to put them up 2-1 going to the bottom of the ninth.  Mark Grace led off the inning with a single to center and Rivera's errant throw to second base on a bunt attempt put runners on first and second. Rivera then fielded Jay Bell’s bunt and threw out David Dellucci at third.  Tony Womack then doubled down the right-field line to tie the game. After Rivera hit Craig Counsell, the bases were loaded. On an 0–1 pitch, Gonzalez lofted a soft blooper over the drawn-in Derek Jeter that barely reached the outfield grass, plating Jay Bell with the winning run. This ended New York's bid for a fourth consecutive title and brought Arizona its first championship within its fourth year of existence, making the Diamondbacks the fastest expansion team to win a World Series, as well as the first major professional sports championship for the state of Arizona.  In 2009, Game 7 was chosen by “Sports Illustrated” as the Best Postseason Game of the Decade (2000–2009).  http://www.sportingnews.com/archives/worldseries/2001.html
    2002 - Colorado Rockies right-hander Jason Jennings (16-6, 4.52) becomes first member of the Rockies to be selected by the BBWAA as the National League Rookie of the Year. The 24-year old right-hander receives 27 first-place votes from the 32 writers participating in the balloting.
    2003 - Miami-Dade County Commissioners approved a plan committing $73 million in tax money toward a new major league ballpark for the Marlins. The World Champions, who have agreed to change their name to the Miami Marlins if the city builds the ballpark, want to begin playing in the $325 million new park in 2007, but still doesn't have a plan for raising $137 million needed as part of their commitment.
    2008 - Democrat Barack Obama becomes the first man of African-American descent to be elected President of the United States, defeating Republican John McCain; Democrats gained seats in the Senate and House.
    2008 – California voters approved Proposition 8 that outlawed same-sex marriages.
    2013 - A successor to the SR-71 Blackbird is being built by Lockheed Martin. The company's Advanced Development Programs, known by the alias Skunk Works, has taken on the challenge to build the SR-72, capable of flying at mach 6 with expected delivery in 2023.

World Series Baseball Champions:
    2001 – Arizona Diamondbacks