License and Registration United States

A State-by-State Analysis of License Requirements for Lenders and Brokers

Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia

Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland

Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey

New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota

Tennessee Texas Utah Vermon Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Washington, D.C. Puerto Rico

Five States Adopted Commercial Disclosure Laws. Other states with pending disclosure bills include: Connecticut, Kansas, and Illinois. New Jersey has been semi-active for perhaps three years. Reportedly, there are 15 states considering adopting commercial disclosure laws.

• Virginia’s sales-based financing disclosure law – Went into effect July 1, 2022

• California’s commercial financing disclosures – Went into effect December 9, 2022.

• Utah’s commercial financing disclosures – Went into effect January 1, 2023.
  
  
• Florida Disclosure Law and Broker Law  -  Goes into effect July 1, 2023

• New York’s commercial financing disclosure law – Goes into effect August 1, 2023

• Georgia’s commercial financing disclosure laws – Goes into Effect January 1, 2024

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New Hires/Promotions in the Leasing Business
and Related Industries

Mac Braun was hired as New Business Development, DLL, Phoenix, Arizona. He is located in Gilbert, Arizona. Previously, he was Senior Vice President, Market Sales Manager, Wells Fargo (July, 2016 - June, 2023). He joined DLL March, 2007, Associate General Counsel, promoted September, 2013, Vice President, New Business Development; Associate General Counsel, Wells Fargo Financial, Des Moines, Iowa; Legal Counsel, Learjet Inc. (May, 1999 - May, 2002).
https://www.linkedin.com/in/mac-braun-35360536/

Ida Profera Bove was hired as Senior Credit Analyst, NewLane Financial, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Previously, she was Senior Business Underwriter, CAN Capital (October, 2022 - June, 2023).
Full Bio:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ida-profera-bove-0b197ab/details/experience/
www.linkedin.com/in/ida-profera-bove-0b197ab/

Katherine Leonard was promoted to Project Manager, Equify Financial, Fort Worth, Texas. She is located in Roanoke, Texas. She joined Equify April, 2022 as Account Manager. Previously, she was Funding Analyst II, GM Financial (February, 2019 - April, 2022); Credentialing Coordinator, AMN Healthcare (June, 2017 - February, 2019).
https://www.linkedin.com/in/katherine-leonard-659809a3/

Liam Austin-McClellan was hired as Northeast Regional Sales Manager, Commercial Credit Group, Inc., Naperville, Illinois. She is located in Norwalk, Connecticut. Previously, she was Senior Vice President, Algo Capital Partners (July, 2020 - June, 2023): Vice President, Nations Equipment Finance (September, 2015 - July, 2020). Full Bio: https://www.linkedin.com/in/liammcclellan/details/experience/
https://www.linkedin.com/in/liammcclellan/

Eric Mandella, CLFP, was promoted to Vice President of Corporations,  Navitas Credit Corporation, Point Vedra, Florida.  He joined the firm September, 2017, as Corporate Sales Trainer, promoted July, 2022, AVP, Corporate Operations. Previously, he was National Sales Director, Marlin Business Services Corp. (February, 2016 - September, 2017); Sales Manager, Balboa Capital (April, 2014 - February, 2016); Sales Manager, Navitas Lease Finance Corp (August, 2008 - March, 2014). Full Bio:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/eric-mandella-clfp-8188524/details/experience/
www.linkedin.com/in/eric-mandella-clfp-8188524

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Commercial Industrial Finance
Rebrands as Republic Bank Finance

Republic Bank Finance, Louisville, Kentucky, is now a division of Republic Bank & Trust Company and will build on CIF’s history as a direct provider of equipment finance and leasing solutions to companies of all sizes and in various industries nationwide. 

Services offered by Republic Bank Finance include customized vendor solutions for manufacturers and dealers for acquisition of equipment by their customers; consulting with manufacturers and dealers to develop new solutions and service to increase sales profitably; and specialty services in energy, manufacturing, healthcare and transportation industries.         

Scott Hawkins will serve as President of Republic Bank Finance, continuing his leadership of the St. Louis-based division.

“This merger expands our capital and resources allowing us to better serve current and future customers,” said Scott Hawkins. “Republic Bank’s culture is completely aligned with our focus on exceptional customer service and creating new opportunities for our customers and employees to grow.”

Andy Powell, Republic Bank Chief Lending Officer, said, “When you combine the 30 years of experience that Scott and his team of veteran finance professionals bring with Republic Bank’s more than 40 years of providing exceptional financial customer service, you create a truly powerful resource for companies seeking sustainable growth,” said.

At the time of the merger all CIF employees became Republic Bank Finance employees.  

St. Louis-based Commercial Industrial Finance, Inc. (“CIF”) became Republic Bank Finance effective July 1, 2023, coinciding with the final merger of the two companies.  CIF was acquired by Republic Bank & Trust Company (“Republic Bank” or the “Bank”) and its parent company Republic Bancorp, Inc. (NASDAQ: RBCAA) (“Republic”), on March 15, 2023, as part of the acquisition of CIF’s former parent company, CBank.

About Republic Bank 

Republic Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) is the parent company of Republic Bank & Trust Company (the “Bank”). The Bank currently has 45 banking centers in communities in four metropolitan statistical areas (“MSAs”) across five states: 22 banking centers located in the Louisville MSA in Louisville, Prospect, Shelbyville, and Shepherdsville in Kentucky, and Floyds Knobs, Jeffersonville, and New Albany in Indiana; six centers in the Lexington MSA in Georgetown and Lexington in Kentucky; eight banking centers in the Cincinnati MSA in Kenwood, Norwood and West Chester in Ohio, and Bellevue, Covington, Crestview Hills, and Florence in Kentucky; seven centers in the Tampa MSA in Largo, New Port Richey, St. Petersburg, Seminole, Tampa, and Temple Terrace in Florida; and two banking centers in the Nashville MSA in Cool Springs and Green Hills, Tennessee. In addition, the Bank has one loan production office located in St. Louis, Missouri. The Bank offers internet banking at www.republicbank.com. The Company has approximately $6.1 billion in assets and is headquartered in Louisville, Kentucky. The Company’s Class A Common Stock is listed under the symbol “RBCAA” on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.

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Leasing and Finance Industry Help Wanted
  We Are Growing Our Senior Sales Team Now!
www.topmarkfunding.com/careers

New Searches: Q3/2023
By Ken Lubin, ZRG Partners

In a whirlwind start to 2023, the hiring landscape seemed uncertain, with rising interest rates, geopolitical tensions, and global unease. However, a notable shift has occurred, breathing new life into lending companies and prompting a strategic approach to capital preservation for future growth. As a result, the demand for top-level talent is soaring, ushering in a thrilling era of remarkable possibilities. If you are ready to embark on a path brimming with exceptional growth opportunities, we invite you to explore our premier retained executive searches.

1. CFO - Empowering Growth: A prominent independent equipment leasing company, primarily based on the West Coast, is seeking a forward-thinking and growth-oriented CFO. With recent exponential growth, this organization is poised to ascend to new heights alongside its visionary CEO. This role offers the unique prospect of national remote work, allowing you to make an impact from anywhere while contributing to the company's next-level success.
2. Head of Accounting/Finance - Trailblazing Excellence: A highly regarded global finance company located in the Tri-State area (NY, CT, NJ) is searching for an exceptional leader to join their accomplished accounting and finance team. Bring your technologically driven approach and innovative mindset to reshape their operations. This role encompasses both strategic leadership and active involvement in day-to-day operations, offering a stimulating and rewarding career path.
3. Documentations/Ops/Account Manager – Driving Efficiency and Growth: Join a long-standing independent company in the Tri-State area as they expand their operations team. Under the guidance of an executive leadership known for driving consistent growth, this organization seeks a skilled professional experienced in navigating deals to successful completion. Join their accomplished team and take pride in contributing to their ongoing success.
4. Chief Credit/Risk Officer - Shaping Future Success: An esteemed organization is in search of a visionary CRO/CCO to lead their credit and risk function, driving business growth. As an integral member of the executive team, you will play a pivotal role in shaping the organization's future. Partner closely with the leadership team to unlock untapped potential and propel the company to new horizons
5. Business Development - Pioneering Growth: Collaborate with the growth team of a distinguished leaders that continues to thrive, regardless of market conditions. My client is seeking individuals experienced in the FMV world, with a passion for building long-term success. Showcase your business acumen and capture the opportunity to secure deals surpassing $10 million in annual originations while enjoying the rare benefit of backend compensation.
6. Country Head - Mexico: A leading global independent finance company is expanding its North American presence, venturing into Mexico after a successful northern expansion. They seek an exceptional leader already based in Mexico, ready to spearhead and grow the business in this promising market. Take charge of a dynamic team and seize the opportunity to make a lasting impact.
7. Chief Risk Officer - Mexico: An exciting opportunity awaits an outstanding individual to lead the credit and risk function within this expanding organization's Mexican operations. Collaborate with a passionate team dedicated to driving growth and solidifying the company's position in this vibrant region. Leverage your expertise to shape the organization's risk strategy and foster success.

If any of these exceptional opportunities align with your career aspirations, we invite you to reach out. Connect directly with me at klubin@zrgpartners.com to explore the myriad of growth prospects that lie ahead.

Embrace the thrill of personal and professional growth, and unlock your true potential!

Ken Lubin
Managing Director
ZRG Partners, LLC
Americas I EMEA I Asia Pacific
C: 508-733-4789
https://www.linkedin.com/in/klubin

The Ultimate Hire Collections:
http://leasingnews.org/Conscious-Top%20Stories/ultimate.html

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Top Ten Leasing News Read by Readers
June 26 to June 30

(1) Bill in New York to Put Vehicle Brokers and
  Independent Leasing Companies Out of Business
By Sloan Schickler, Esq.
https://leasingnews.org/archives/Jun2023/06_30.htm#bill

(2) Florida Governor Ron DeSantis Signs Florida Disclosure
  and Broker Law which goes into effect on July 1, 2023
By Sloan Schickler, Esq.
https://leasingnews.org/archives/Jun2023/06_28.htm#fla

(3) A New Congressional Bill Renews the Possibility
  of Federal Disclosure Legislation
By Marshall Goldberg, Esq., Leasing News Legal Editor
https://leasingnews.org/archives/Jun2023/06_26.htm#bill

(4) New Hires/Promotions in the Leasing Business
  and Related Industries
https://leasingnews.org/archives/Jun2023/06_26.htm#hires

(5)  New Hires/Promotions in the Leasing Business
and Related Industries
https://leasingnews.org/archives/Jun2023/06_28.htm#hires

(6) New Hires/Promotions in the Leasing Business
and Related Industries
https://leasingnews.org/archives/Jun2023/06_30.htm#hires

(7)  Time Management
Sales Makes it Happen by Scott Wheeler, CLFP
https://leasingnews.org/archives/Jun2023/06_28.htm#time

(8) You Are Better Than You Think
  Soar to New Heights
The Ultimate Hire by Ken Lubin, ZRG Partners
https://leasingnews.org/archives/Jun2023/06_26.htm#you

(9) CLFP Membership: Companies with Three or More Members
Companies One or Two Members Count Total 1,334
https://leasingnews.org/archives/Jun2023/06_30.htm#clfp

(10) Tesla Owns Top Four Spots as Most
American-Made Cars in Annual Report
https://www.thedrive.com/news/tesla-owns-top-four-spots-as-most-american-made-cars-in-annual-report

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Interest Rates Pressure Small Possesses
But They Have Confidence and Remain Optimistic
by Delaney Sexton, Coleman Report, Abridged

 

The MetLife & U.S. Chamber of Commerce Small Business Index rose to 63.1 in the second quarter from 60 in the first quarter of 2023. This shows that “despite continued macroeconomic mixed signals,” small businesses remain confident about their business health and their day-to-day operations.

As a result of rising interest rates, half of small businesses had to put their plans for expansion on hold. Small businesses are also expressing concerns about interest rates making it more difficult to pay back their current loans with almost three in four small businesses sharing this worry. More than three-quarters of small businesses said that rising interest rates are making it harder to raise capital or financing for their business. Compared to last quarter, this is a 10% increase, and from a year ago, this reading increased by 16%.

Nearly all small business owners (91%) across all industries share the sentiment that small businesses are the most vulnerable to rising interest rates, and more than half (52%) reported feeling strongly about this. In support of this, the frequency with which small businesses report rising interest rates as a top business concern increased roughly 7-8% from the first quarter of 2023 to the second quarter of 2023.

Coleman Report
28081 Marguerite Pkwy.
#4525, Mission Viejo, CA 92690
bob@colemanreport.com

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### Press Release ############################

ELFA to Host Free Webinar on State Commercial Financing
Disclosure Laws on Wednesday, July 12, 1-3 p.m. EST

Washington, D.C. – With New York’s commercial finance disclosure laws set to take effect Aug. 1, 2023, the Equipment Leasing and Finance Association announced a new webinar to help equipment finance professionals prepare. The webinar “The NY Disclosure Laws Are Effective on August 1, 2023 – Will You Be Ready? Let Us Help!” will take place on July 12, 1-3 p.m. EST.

This will be the third in a series of ELFA webinars on state commercial financing disclosure laws. Topics will include:

• The differences between the disclosure laws of California and New York
• The treatment of blind discounts
• Frequently asked questions

The session also will update attendees on the status of the disclosure laws in other states and ELFA’s successful efforts to have the state legislatures include ELFA’s suite of exemptions in any future laws. An expert panel will address questions during the presentation. 

Speakers will include:

Scott Riehl, VP, State Government Relations, Equipment Leasing and Finance Association

Moorari Shah, Partner, Sheppard Mullin Richter & Hampton LLC

Robert S. Cohen, Partner, Moritt Hock & Hamroff LLP

Robert Hornby, Partner, Chiesa Shahinian & Giantomasi PC

This event is part of the ELFA Wednesday Webinar series, designed to provide critical information to equipment finance professionals on essential hot topics. To register, please visit https://register.gotowebinar.com/register/6638935203232933205.

About ELFA
The Equipment Leasing and Finance Association (ELFA) is the trade association that represents companies in the $1 trillion equipment finance sector, which includes financial services companies and manufacturers engaged in financing capital goods. ELFA members are the driving force behind the growth in the commercial equipment finance market and contribute to capital formation in the U.S. and abroad. Its 580 members include independent and captive leasing and finance companies, banks, financial services corporations, broker/packagers and investment banks, as well as manufacturers and service providers. ELFA has been equipping business for success for more than 60 years. For more information, please visit https://www.elfaonline.org

#### Press Release #############################

German Shepherd
Ogden, Utah  Adopt-a-Dog

Jeremy

Male
75 lbs.
Adopt Fee: $25.00

Meet JEREMY

OBSERVED BY SHELTER STAFF: Very friendly fellow! Walks pretty well on the leash. Treat motivated and takes them gently from your hand. Can be a little jumpy and may knock smaller children down by accident. Energetic, playful, loves attention and enjoys playing with soft toys. Likes to explore and be part of what is going on. Although he may chase a cat if he had the chance, he did come in with another dog, and they got along well and is friendly toward the other dogs here at the shelter. Weighs 70 pounds; $25 to adopt.

Inquire:
https://www.petfinder.com/dog/jeremy-65200706/ut/ogden/weber-county-animal-services-ut27/

Weber County Animal Services
1373 North 750 West
Ogden, UT 84404
801-399-8280
Email: animalservices@co.weber.ut.us

Hours of Operation:
8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
Monday to Friday
Closed Weekends and Holidays

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Ticket Without a Seat
Three Minute Film

News Briefs---

New Car Sales Jumped in the Second Quarter
    Demand, Supply Chain UP Despite Interest Rates Increase
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/05/business/general-motors-auto-sales.html

UPS moves closer to strike after
Teamsters contract talks break down
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jul/05/ups-union-striken

The wait for US passports is creating travel
purgatory and snarling summer plans
https://www.morningjournal.com/2023/07/04/the-wait-for-us-passports-is-creating-travel-purgatory-and-snarling-summer-plans/

[headlines]
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The boomers are retiring. See why
    that’s bad news for workers.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/interactive/2023/aging-america-retirees-workforce-economy/?itid=hp-mv-top-stories_top-table-main_p001_f001

[headlines]
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Sports Briefs---

Baseball Scouts Call In Artificial Intelligence Help From the Bullpen
https://www.wsj.com/sports/baseball/mlb-draft-artificial-intelligence-97522ebf?st=2sen7r7lzaqfic1&reflink=desktopwebshare_permalink

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California News Briefs---

Another downtown S.F. casualty?
    Good coffee
https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/restaurants/article/downtown-sf-coffee-18154168.php

California woman with 100,000 bees
    in walls of home swarmed
https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/california-woman-bees-home-swarmed-18184708.php

‘Worst I’ve ever seen’: More than three tons
    of July 4 trash left behind at this Lake Tahoe spot
https://www.sfchronicle.com/tahoe/article/tahoe-july-4-trash-pickup-18185891.php

[headlines]
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Gimme that Wine

 

Wine of the week: Gloria Ferrer, NV Blanc de
     Blancs Sparkling Wine, Carneros
Wine of the week: Gloria Ferrer, NV Blanc de Blancs Sparkling Wine, Carneros

2023 Tasting Room Survey Confirms Post-Pandemic
Crowds Have Thinned, Yet Sales Haven't Crashed
https://www.winebusiness.com/news/article/273342

Grape Wine of China
Wine club: China expected to soon join OIV
https://www.grapewallofchina.com/2023/07/02/wine-club-china-expected-to-soon-join-oiv/

This Day in History

    1498 - Christopher Columbus left on his third voyage to the New World.
    1639 – The Massachusetts Bay colony granted 500 acres at Pecoit to Edward Rawson for the establishment of a gunpowder mill.  The enterprise failed, as did various other attempts.  It was not until 1675, at Milton on the Neponset River, that a successful gunpowder mill remained a going concern.
    1712 - The Pennsylvania Assembly banned the importation of slaves.
    1716 - The first slaves arrived in Louisiana.
    1755 - Birthday of Nathan Hale (d. 1776), Coventry, CT. The American Patriot was caught behind lines gathering troop movements by British General William Howe, who ordered him to be hung in the morning, as he was a spy. His alleged last words have become a symbol of American Patriotism: “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country." They were attributed to a news story printed in the 19th century, and were not heard by contemporaries of his time, nor commented upon.  A 1777 newspaper article reported Hale as saying that “if he had ten thousand lives, he would lay them all down, if called to it, in defense of his injured, bleeding country.''  Four years later, another newspaper story quoted Hale's last words as: “…my only regret is, that I have not more lives than one to offer in its service.'' Hull's 1848 memoirs give us the pithier version we know today: “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.'' According to Captain Frederick Mackenzie, a British officer who witnessed Hale's death, “he may have been young and courageous, but he never said these words.”  According to Mackenzie's diary, he wrote that Hale's last words were: “It is the duty of every good officer to obey any orders given him by his commander-in-chief.”  James A. Barnes, “Myths of the Bryan Campaign,” Mississippi Valley Historical Review (1947). Also see: 
http://www.lihistory.com/4/hs413a.htm
    1756 - Birthday of American painter John Trumbull (d. 1843), Lebanon, Conn. He was notable for his historical paintings. His ‘Declaration of Independence’ (1817) was used on the reverse of the two-dollar bill. 
lower half of:  http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun06.html
    1769 - Daniel Boone first began to explore the present-day Kentucky.
    1775 - The United Colonies changed their name to United States.
    1776 - Richard Henry Lee of Virginia proposed to the Continental Congress the resolution calling for a Declaration of Independence: that "these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States..." Congress delayed the vote on the resolution until July 1.
    1785 [approximately] - Haitian explorer Jean Baptiste-Pointe Dusable settled Chicago. In 1779, he was living on the site of present-day Michigan City, IN when he was arrested by the British military on suspicion of being an American sympathizer in the Revolution. In the early 1780s, he worked for the British lieutenant-governor of Fort Michilimackinac on an estate at what is now the city of St. Clair. MI, before moving to settle at the mouth of the Chicago River. He is first recorded living in Chicago in early 1790, having apparently become established sometime earlier. He sold his property in Chicago in 1800.
    1816 - The temperature reached 92 degrees at Salem, MA during an early heat wave, but then plunged 49 degrees in 24 hours to commence the famous "year without a summer."
    1828 - A party led by Jebediah Smith completed a journey down the Klamath River and were on the verge of starvation when they were visited by Indians who brought food. Smith's party proceeded north to Oregon and most of the party was killed by Umpqua Indians. Smith was killed in 1831 by Comanches on the Cimarron River. Smith’s party was the first white people to see Lake Earl, the biggest lagoon on the West Coast.
    1831 - “People of Color” Convention held for the first time.
    1833 - Andrew Jackson became the first President to ride on a train.
    1861 - President Lincoln's cabinet declared that the Union government will pay for expenses once states have mobilized volunteers.
    1862 - Confederate gunboats engaged a Union flotilla near Memphis, TN. As crowds of spectators watched from the riverbanks, the outgunned Confederates were defeated. The city of Memphis surrendered shortly before noon of that day, effectively opening up the Mississippi region.  The war would rage on as the Union Army through shear source of "numbers of soldiers" would prevail.
http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/tn004.htm
http://www.americancivilwar.com/statepic/tn/tn004.html
    1872 - Susan B. Anthony tests the rights of women and black males to vote under the 14th and 15th amendment, registering and voting in Rochester, New York. She would be arrested, tired, and sentenced to pay a fine. She refused. The judge backed down, fearing she would take this to the Supreme Court for appeal, but nevertheless, the votes were all disqualified and both women and blacks would not be allowed to vote in this century.
    1889 - Great Fire in Seattle, Washington destroys 25 downtown blocks.
    1892 – Benjamin Harrison became the first U.S. President to attend a Major League game as he watched the Cincinnati Reds defeat the hometown Washington Senators, 6-5, in 11 innings.
    1892 - Birthday of bandleader Ted Lewis was born Theodore Leopold Friedman (d. 1971), Circleville, OH.
http://www.redhotjazz.com/tedlewis.html
    1892 – The famous “L” began operation in Chicago.  The Chicago and South Side Rapid Transit Railroad began revenue service when a steam locomotive pulling four wooden coaches, carrying over a couple of dozen people, departed the 39th Street station and arrived at the Congress Street Terminal 14 minutes later, over tracks that are still in use by the Green Line.
    1894 - One of the greatest floods in U.S. history occurred as the Willamette River overflowed to inundate half of the business district of Portland OR.
    1899 - Birthday of pianist William “Fats” Jefferson, Waco, TX.
    1889 - Bryn Mawr College awarded the first graduate fellowship to a woman in the history of the United States. It went to Emily Greene Balch (B. 01-08-1867) for "prosecuting sociological studies." Balch went on to win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1946. Half the human race is a terrible thing to waste... Bryn Mawr was under the direction of M. Carey Thomas who developed the college to an academic par with Harvard University.
    1902 - Birthday of band leader Jimmy Lunceford (d. 1947), Fulton, MS.   
http://www.pbs.org/jazz/biography/artist_id_lunceford_jimmie.htm 
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-form/104-3603723-3237564
    1904 - Helen McCloy (1904-1993) was born in NYC.  American mystery writer under the pseudonym Helen Clarkson, she was the first woman to serve as president of Mystery Writers of America. In 1953, she received Edgar award from the same organization for her criticism.
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/hmccloy.htm
    1907 – Bill Dickey (d. 1993), was born in Bastrop, LA.  He played for the New York Yankees for 19 seasons (1928-1943).  After serving in the US Navy during World War II, Dickey returned to the Yankees in 1946 as a player and manager. He retired after the 1946 season, but returned in 1949 as a coach, where he taught Yogi Berra, himself a veteran of the Normandy invasion, the art of catching.  During Dickey's playing career, the Yankees went to the World Series nine times, winning eight championships. He was named to 11 All-Star Games. As a manager and coach, the Yankees won another six World Series titles. Dickey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1954.
    1918 - Casey Stengel returned to Ebbets Field for the first time since being traded from the Brooklyn Dodgers to the Pittsburgh Pirates over the winter. Stengel celebrated the occasion by striding to the plate for his first at-bat, calling time, doffing his cap and letting a live bird fly out. Fans broke into laughter. He was giving them the bird.
    1918 – The Battle of Belleau Wood saw the US Marines suffer its worst single day's casualties while attempting to recapture the wood at Chateau-Thierry.
    1920 - The St. Louis Cardinals played their last game at Robison Field (renamed "Cardinal Field" in 1917), their home field since 1893, beating the Chicago Cubs, 5-2.  One of new owner Sam Breadon’s first decisions was to agree to a ten-year lease for $20,000 annually, allowing his team to move six blocks to share Sportsmen’s Park with the St. Louis Browns.  He used the money from selling the aging ballpark to finance Branch Rickey’s idea of establishing a fam system by investing in a club affiliation with a minor league team in Houston.
    1921 – Bill Gatewood of the Detroit Stars pitched the first no-hitter in the history of the Negro National League, defeating the Cuban Stars, 4-0.
    1925 - Birthday of trombonist Al Grey (d. 2000), Aldie, VA.
http://www.jazzcanadiana.on.ca/_GREY.htm
http://www.trombone.org/articles/library/algrey-tribute.asp
    1925 – Walter P. Chrysler founded Chrysler Corporation.  Chrysler had been an auto enthusiast for over five years by the time he was introduced to Charles Nash, then president of the Buick Motor Company, who was looking for a smart production chief. Chrysler, who had resigned from many railroading jobs over the years, made his final resignation from railroading to become works manager (in charge of production) at Buick in Flint, MI.  He found many ways to reduce the costs of production, such as putting an end to finishing automobile undercarriages with the same luxurious quality of finish that the body warranted. Chrysler was then hired to attempt a turnaround by bankers who foresaw the loss of their investment in Willys-Overland in Toledo. He demanded, and received, a salary of $1 million a year for two years, an astonishing amount at that time. When Chrysler left Willys in 1921 after an unsuccessful attempt to wrestle control, he acquired a controlling interest in the ailing Maxwell Motor Company. Chrysler phased out Maxwell and absorbed it into his new firm, the Chrysler Corporation, in Detroit, in 1925. In addition to his namesake car company, Plymouth and DeSoto marques were created, and in 1928, Chrysler purchased Dodge. Chrysler was named Time Magazine’s Man of the Year for 1928. 
    1930 - Dillard University, a private, historically black liberal arts college in New Orleans, was founded, incorporating earlier institutions dating to 1869.  It is affiliated with the United Church of Christ and the United Methodist Church.
http://www.dillard.edu/
    1931 - Birthday of guitarist Grant Green (d. 1979), St. Louis, Mo.
http://website.lineone.net/~johnharris/grant_green.htm
http://members.tripod.com/vermontreview/CD%20Reviews/gamut.htm
    1932 - The Revenue Act of 1932, in the beginning of the Great Depression, was enacted, creating the first gasoline tax in the United States, at a rate of 1 cent per gallon.
    1933 - Richard M. Hollingshead, Jr., a chemical company magnate, opened America's first drive-in movie theater on Admiral Wilson Boulevard in Pennsauken Township, NJ. In 1932, Hollingshead conducted outdoor theater tests in his driveway at 212 Thomas Avenue in Riverton. After nailing a screen to trees in his backyard, he set a 1928 Kodak projector on the hood of his car and put a radio behind the screen, testing different sound levels with his car windows down and up. Blocks under vehicles in the driveway enabled him to determine the size and spacing of ramps so all automobiles could have a clear view of the screen. Hollingshead applied for a patent of his invention on August 6, 1932, and he was given US Patent 1,909,537 on May 16, 1933.  At the height of their popularity in 1958, there were more than 4,000 drive-ins across America. As of March 2014, a figure of 348 drive-ins has been published for the United States.  In the Fall of 2014, the burger chain Johnny Rockets announced that it would team up with USA Drive-Ins to open 200 drive-ins by 2018 serving Johnny Rocket's food at the concession stands.
    1934 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Securities Exchange Act that established the SEC. Wall Street had operated almost unfettered since the end of the eighteenth century. However, the stock market crash of 1929 necessitated regulation of the exchanges. The Securities and Exchange Commission is composed of five members appointed by the President.
    1939 - Singer Gary (US) Bonds, whose real name is Gary Anderson, was born in Jacksonville, Florida. Bonds had a string of energetic dance records in the early 1960's, the biggest of which was "Quarter to Three," which reached number one in 1961. Bonds' career was revived in 1981 by Bruce Springsteen. "The Boss" wrote "This Little Girl of Mine," which became Gary (US) Bonds' first hit in nearly 20 years. Bonds' comeback album, "Dedication," also made the charts.
    1939 - Bert and George Bebble and Carl Stotz formed Little League Baseball in Williamsport, PA.  The three youth teams in the league have uniforms thanks to a $35 donation.
    1941 – The New York Giants became the first team to wear protective headgear as they used plastic helmets in a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates.
    1942 - Birthday of Marian Wright Edelman, activist and founder of the Children's Defense Fund, Bennettsville, SC.
http://cdfweb.vwh.net/mwe.html
http://bss.sfsu.edu/edelman/aboutmwe.htm
    1942 - The Battle of Midway--one of the most decisive U.S. victories in its war against Japan--comes to an end. Occurring only six months after Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of Coral Sea, mmilitary historian John Keegan called it "the most stunning and decisive blow in the history of naval warfare."  In the four-day sea and air battle, the outnumbered U.S. Pacific Fleet succeeded in destroying four Japanese aircraft carriers with the loss of only one of its own, the Yorktown, thus reversing the tide against the previously invincible Japanese navy.
    1943 - The worst of the L.A. Zoot Suit Riot violence, a series of racial attacks, occurs as soldiers, sailors, and marines from as far away as San Diego travel to Los Angeles to join in the fighting.  During a period when many Mexican migrants arrived for the defense effort and newly assigned servicemen flooded the city, Mexican youths, recognizable by the zoot suits they favored, were attacked as being unpatriotic. Taxi drivers offer free rides to servicemen and civilians to the riot areas. Approximately 5,000 civilians and military men gather downtown. The riot spreads into the predominantly African American section of Watts.
    1944 – “D-Day, the 6th of June.”  In the early-morning hours, Allied forces landed in Normandy on the north coast of France. In an operation that took months of planning, a fleet of 2,727 ships of every description converged from British ports from Wales to the North Sea. Operation Overlord involved 2,000,000 tons of war materials, including more than 50,000 tanks, armored cars, jeeps, trucks and half-tracks. The US alone sent 1,700,000 fighting men in the largest amphibious military operation in history. The Germans believed the invasion would not take place under the adverse weather conditions of this early June day, especially with their number one General, George S. Patton, deployed elsewhere. But as the sun came up, the village of Sainte-Mère-Eglise was liberated by American parachutists, and by nightfall the landing of 155,000 Allies attested to the success of D-Day. The long-awaited second front had at last materialized. 
General Patton joined the war with his tank brigade, pushing toward the Rhine River before the other generals told him he couldn't do that.
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun06.html
    1944 – Honoring the D-Day invasions, Major League Baseball cancelled all games for the day.
    1944 – Tommie Smith was born in Clarksville, TX.  At the 1968 Summer Olympics, Smith won the 200-meter dash finals and gold medal in 19.83 seconds – the first time the 20-second barrier was broken legally. His Black Power salute with John Carlos atop the medal podium caused controversy at the time as it was seen as politicizing the Olympics. It remains a symbolic moment in the history of the Civil Rights Movement.
    1944 - Birthday of pianist Monty Alexander, Kingston, Jamaica
http://www.montyalexander.com
    1945 - McTUREOUS, ROBERT MILLER, JR., Medal of Honor
Rank and organization: Private, U.S. Marine Corps. Born: 26 March 1924, Altoona, Fla. Accredited to: Florida. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty, while serving with the 3d Battalion, 29th Marines, 6th Marine Division, during action against enemy Japanese forces on Okinawa in the Ryukyu Chain, 7 June 1945. Alert and ready for any hostile counteraction following his company's seizure of an important hill objective, Pvt. McTureous was quick to observe the plight of company stretcher bearers who were suddenly assailed by slashing machinegun fire as they attempted to evacuate wounded at the rear of the newly won position. Determined to prevent further casualties, he quickly filled his jacket with hand grenades and charged the enemy-occupied caves from which the concentrated barrage was emanating. Coolly disregarding all personal danger as he waged his furious 1-man assault, he smashed grenades into the cave entrances, thereby diverting the heaviest fire from the stretcher bearers to his own person and, resolutely returning to his own lines under a blanketing hail of rifle and machinegun fire to replenish his supply of grenades, dauntlessly continued his systematic reduction of Japanese strength until he himself sustained serious wounds after silencing a large number of the hostile guns. Aware of his own critical condition and unwilling to further endanger the lives of his comrades, he stoically crawled a distance of 200 yards to a sheltered position within friendly lines before calling for aid. By his fearless initiative and bold tactics, Pvt. McTureous had succeeded in neutralizing the enemy fire, killing 6 Japanese troops and effectively disorganizing the remainder of the savagely defending garrison. His outstanding valor and heroic spirit of self-sacrifice during a critical stage of operations reflect the highest credit upon himself and the U.S. Naval Service.
    1946 - The Basketball Association of America was founded at a New York meeting of hockey team owners and arena managers interested in having their buildings used on open dates. The original BAA franchises:  Boston Celtics, Chicago Stags, Cleveland Rebels, Detroit Falcons, NY Knickerbockers, Philadelphia Warriors, Pittsburgh Ironmen, Providence Steamrollers, St. Louis Bombers, Toronto Huskies, Washington Capitols.  The BAA played three seasons (1946-49), after which it merged with the National Basketball League, founded in 1937, to form the National Basketball Association. Three original BAA teams remain: the Boston Celtics, the Philadelphia Warriors (now the Golden State Warriors) and the New York Knicks.
    1949 - Top Hits
“Riders in the Sky” - Vaughn Monroe
“Again” - Doris Day
“Some Enchanted Evening” - Perry Como
“Lovesick Blues” - Hank Williams
   1951 - HANSON, JACK G., Medal of Honor
Rank and organization: Private First Class, U.S. Army, Company F, 31st Infantry Regiment. Place and date: Near Pachi-dong, Korea, 7 June 1951. Entered service at: Galveston, Tex. Born: 18 September 1930, Escaptawpa, Miss. G.O. No.: 15, 1 February 1952. Citation: Pfc. Hanson, a machine gunner with the 1st Platoon, Company F, distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an armed enemy of the United Nations. The company, in defensive positions on two strategic hills separated by a wide saddle, was ruthlessly attacked at approximately 0300 hours, the brunt of which centered on the approach to the divide within range of Pfc. Hanson's machine gun. In the initial phase of the action, 4 riflemen were wounded and evacuated and the numerically superior enemy, advancing under cover of darkness, infiltrated and posed an imminent threat to the security of the command post and weapons platoon. Upon orders to move to key terrain above and to the right of Pfc. Hanson's position, he voluntarily remained to provide protective fire for the withdrawal. Subsequent to the retiring elements fighting a rearguard action to the new location, it was learned that Pfc. Hanson's assistant gunner and 3 riflemen had been wounded and had crawled to safety, and that he was maintaining a lone-man defense. After the 1st Platoon reorganized, counterattacked, and rescued its original positions at approximately 0530 hours, Pfc. Hanson's body was found lying in front of his emplacement, his machine gun ammunition expended, his empty pistol in his right hand, and a machete with blood on the blade in his left hand, and approximately 22 enemy dead lay in the wake of his action. Pfc. Hanson's consummate valor, inspirational conduct, and willing self-sacrifice enabled the company to contain the enemy and regain the commanding ground, and reflect lasting glory on himself and the noble traditions of the military service.
    1955 - Bill Haley & Comets, "Rock Around the Clock" hits #1
    1956 - Gogi Grant (born Audrey Brown) reached the top spot on the "Billboard" singles chart for the first and only time in her career. Her hit, "The Wayward Wind", stayed at the top of the top-tune tabulation for eight weeks and on the music charts for 22 weeks. It was her second record release. The first, in October, 1955, was "Suddenly There's a Valley" which climbed to number nine.
http://www.gpproductions.com/acts/grant.html
http://art.staviator.com/G/Gogi_Grant.html
    1956 - Gene Vincent's recording of "Be Bop A Lula" was released. The song was co-written by Vincent and (Sheriff) Tex Davis, a deejay at a Norfolk, Virginia radio station. "Be Bop a Lula" was a hit on both sides of the Atlantic, selling a million copies. Vincent never was able to match the success of his initial hit. He died in 1971 of a seizure brought on by a bleeding ulcer.
    1957 - Top Hits
“Love Letters in the Sand” - Pat Boone
“A Teenager's Romance/I'm Walkin'” - Ricky Nelson
“A White Sport Coat (And a Pink Carnation)” - Marty Robbins
“Four Walls” - Jim Reeves
    1960 - Tony Williams left Platters for a solo career. Williams was the lead singer on the Platters' big hits in the '50s - "Only You," "The Great Pretender" and "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes," among others. In the 1970's, Williams and Buck Ram, manager of the Platters, battled in court over who had the right to use the group's name. Ram won the case, but both later toured with groups billed as the Platters, Williams calling his the International Platters.
    1960 - Roy Orbison's "Only the Lonely" was released. It would reach number two on the Billboard Hot 100 and inspire Bruce Springsteen to write "Born to Run."
    1960 - The RIAA presents Bing Crosby with a special platinum record honoring the sale of his 200 millionth record, a total which includes not only 125 albums but 2,600 singles!
    1962 - The Beatles audition for EMI, recording four demos, the first material the band ever recorded at Abbey Road: three original compositions called "Love Me Do," "Ask Me Why," and "P.S. I Love You," and a cover of the standard "Besame Mucho." Producer George Martin is not at the session, but is called in by engineer Norman "Hurricane" Smith when he hears something he likes in "Love Me Do." Martin is not impressed with the group's songwriting, scruffy outfits, and even scruffier equipment (one of the band's amps blows during the audition), and he tells them so, finishing, "Look, I've laid into you for quite a time, you haven't responded. Is there anything you don't like?" To which George quips, "I don't like your tie!" The tension is broken, and Martin, charmed by the group's personality, agrees to work with them. (Though he later says, "They were pretty awful. I understand why other record companies turned them down.") The band members are paid US $12 each for the session; drummer Pete Best, with whose skills Martin remains unimpressed, would soon be sacked from the group.
    1964 - The Dixie Cups' "Chapel of Love" hits #1
    1965 - General Westmoreland requests a total of 35 battalions of combat troops, with another nine in reserve. This gave rise to the "44 battalion" debate within the Johnson administration, a discussion of how many U.S. combat troops to commit to the war. Westmoreland felt that the South Vietnamese could not defeat the communists alone and he wanted U.S. combat troops to go on the offensive against the enemy. His plan was to secure the coastlines, block infiltration of North Vietnamese troops into the south, and then wage a war of attrition with "search and destroy" missions into the countryside, using helicopters for rapid deployment and evacuation. Westmoreland had some supporters in the Johnson administration, but others of the president's advisers did not support Westmoreland's request for more troops, because they disagreed with what would be a fundamental change in the U.S. role in Vietnam. In the end, Johnson acquiesced to Westmoreland's request; eventually there would be over 500,000 U.S. troops in South Vietnam.
    1965 - Top Hits
“Help Me, Rhonda” - The Beach Boys
“Wooly Bully” - Sam The Sham and The Pharaohs
“Crying in the Chapel” - Elvis Presley
“What's He Doing in My World” - Eddy Arnold
    1966 - Civil rights activist Stokely Carmichael launches “Black Power” Movement. Died Nov 15, 1998.
http://www.blackhistory.eb.com/micro/727/78.html
    1966 - Author Truman Capote holds famous "Black & White Ball" — widely regarded as most glittering bash of the decade.
    1966 - No. 1 Billboard Pop Hit: "Paint It Black," The Rolling Stones.
    1966 - The Turtles and Oxford Circle at the Fillmore Auditorium in San Francisco.
    1966 - The Beatles record "Eleanor Rigby."
    1968 - McDonald, Phill G., Medal of Honor
Rank and organization: Private First Class, U.S. Army, Company A, 1st Battalion, 14th Infantry, 4th Infantry Division. place and date: Near Kontum City, Republic of Vietnam, 7 June 1968. Entered service at: Beckley, W. Va. Born: 13 September 1941. Avondale, W. Va. Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty. Pfc. McDonald distinguished himself while serving as a team leader with the 1st platoon of Company A. While on a combat mission his platoon came under heavy barrage of automatic weapons fire from a well concealed company-size enemy force. Volunteering to escort 2 wounded comrades to an evacuation point, Pfc. McDonald crawled through intense fire to destroy with a grenade an enemy automatic weapon threatening the safety of the evacuation. Returning to his platoon, he again volunteered to provide covering fire for the maneuver of the platoon from its exposed position. Realizing the threat he posed, enemy gunners concentrated their fire on Pfc. McDonald's position, seriously wounding him. Despite his painful wounds, Pfc. McDonald recovered the weapon of a wounded machine gunner to provide accurate covering fire for the gunner's evacuation. When other soldiers were pinned down by a heavy volume of fire from a hostile machine gun to his front, Pfc. McDonald crawled toward the enemy position to destroy it with grenades. He was mortally wounded in this intrepid action. Pfc. McDonald's gallantry at the risk of his life which resulted in the saving of the lives of his comrades is in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflects great credit upon himself, his unit, and the U.S. Army.
    1970 - MURRAY, ROBERT C., Medal of Honor
Rank and organization: Staff Sergeant, U.S. Army, Company B, 4th Battalion, 31st Infantry, 196th Infantry Brigade, 23d Infantry Division. Place and date: Near the village of Hiep Duc, Republic of Vietnam, 7 June 1970. Entered service at: New York, N.Y. Born: 10 December 1946, Bronx, N.Y. Citation: S/Sgt. Murray distinguished himself while serving as a squad leader with Company B. S/Sgt. Murray's squad was searching for an enemy mortar that had been threatening friendly positions when a member of the squad tripped an enemy grenade rigged as a booby trap. Realizing that he had activated the enemy booby trap, the soldier shouted for everybody to take cover. Instantly assessing the danger to the men of his squad, S/Sgt. Murray unhesitatingly and with complete disregard for his own safety, threw himself on the grenade absorbing the full and fatal impact of the explosion. By his gallant action and self-sacrifice, he prevented the death or injury of the other members of his squad. S/Sgt. Murray's extraordinary courage and gallantry, at the cost of his life above and beyond the call of duty, are in keeping with the highest traditions of the military service and reflect great credit on him, his unit, and the U.S. Army.
    1968 - New York Senator Robert Francis Kennedy dies after being shot while campaigning for president. The assassination took place shortly after midnight on June 5, 1968, in the Ambassador Hotel in LA, after winning the California and South Dakota Democratic primaries.  Kennedy died in the Good Samaritan Hospital twenty-six hours later. Sirhan Sirhan, a 24-year-old Palestinian/Jordanian immigrant, was convicted of Kennedy's murder and is serving a life sentence for the crime. The shooting was recorded on audio tape by a freelance newspaper reporter, and the aftermath was captured on film. There are many who believe this was a conspiracy, and there are many sites on the internet making all kinds of noise, but history is full of loners who manage to assassinate famous people, including American presidents.
    1986 - Manager Steve Boros of the San Diego Padres was ejected before the first pitch of a game with the Atlanta Braves when he attempted to give umpire Charlie Williams a videotape of a disputed play in the previous night's game, a 4-2 Braves victory.
    1971 – Ed Sullivan said goodbye as "The Ed Sullivan Show" left CBS-TV. He reportedly lived in my home town of Port Chester, New York, married to a Jewish lady who reportedly ruled the roost at home. As a newspaper columnist, he was very popular and it was told a mention in his column was very important for one’s career. When his variety shows appeared on television, with him as the host, due to his fame as a columnist, he was able to attract the top stars that were originally afraid of the medium. He also brought in new talent and had a real circus from Polish dancing bears, a little mouse named Topo Gigio, and “discovered” Elvis Presley, The Beatles, The Dave Clark Five, the comedy of Jackie Mason, John Byner, Rich Little, Allen King, Richard Pryor and so many more.  Gladys Knight and The Pips and singer Jerry Vale appeared on the final show. "The Ed Sullivan Show" had been a showcase for more than 20 years for artists who ranged from Ethel Merman to Ella Fitzgerald, from Steve and Eydie to the Beatles. "The Ed Sullivan Show" was the longest running variety show on TV.
    1973 - Barry White was awarded a gold record for "I'm Gonna Love You Just a Little More Baby." It was his first hit and his first of five number one million-sellers. White began recording in 1960. He formed the group, Love Unlimited, in 1969 and married one of the group's singers, Glodean James. He also formed the 40-piece Love Unlimited Orchestra which had the number-one hit, "Love's Theme" in 1973.
    1973 - Top Hits
“My Love” - Paul McCartney & Wings
“Daniel” - Elton John
“Pillow Talk” - Sylvia
“Satin Sheets” - Jeanne Pruett
http://members.rott.chello.nl/p.klein6/bwindex.htm
    1977 - Severe thunderstorms with large hail and winds to 100 mph caused one million dollars damage around Norfolk, VA. A forty-two foot fishing boat capsized near the Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel drowning 13 of the 27 persons on board.
    1977 - Stevie Wonder appears, sponsored by Billboard, as a guest music lecturer at a UCLA symposium, talking about his early Motown days and illustrating his points with performances.
    1978 - Proposition 13 passed in California. Voters joined Senator Howard Jarvis in cutting property taxes by 57 percent. This was seen as the birth of a taxpayer's revolt against high taxes and excessive government spending. It also spelled the end of the higher education system in California, and brought the secondary schools from number one to number thirty and lower in score testing today.
    1978 - “20/20” premiered on TV. An hourly news magazine developed by ABC to compete with CBS's “60 Minutes”. Its original hosts, Harold Hayes and Robert Hughes, were cut after the first show and replaced by Hugh Downs.  Barbara Walters became co-anchor in 1984.  The show consisted of investigative and background reports. Contributors to the show have included Tom Jarriel, Sylvia Chase, Gerald Rivera, Thomas Hoving, John Stossel, Lynn Sher and Stone Phillips.
    1981 - Top Hits
“Bette Davis Eyes” - Kim Carnes
“Being with You” - Smokey Robinson
“Stars on 45 medley” - Stars on 45
“Friends” - Razzy Bailey
    1988 - Seventeen cities in the north central U.S. reported record high temperatures for the date, including Williston, ND with a reading of 104 degrees. Thunderstorms in Florida produced wind gusts to 65 mph which damaged two mobile homes northwest of Melbourne injuring six people.
    1989 - Top Hits
“Rock On” - Michael Damian
“Soldier of Love” - Donny Osmond
“Wind Beneath My Wings” - Bette Midler
“Where Did I Go Wrong” - Steve Wariner
    1996 - San Francisco became the first city in the nation to sue the tobacco industry.
    1998 - "The Boy is Mine," by Brandy and Monica, zoomed to number 1 on the "Billboard" pop chart. It ruled the Hot 100 roost for 13 weeks -- putting it in the top ten of longest-running #1 singles in the modern rock era.
    2000 - Thanks to the Angels' video crew playing a clip from the 1994 movie "Ace Ventura, Pet Detective" on the JumboTron, the Rally Monkey is born. With the words "Rally Monkey" superimposed over a monkey jumping up and down in the Jim Carrey movie, the crowd goes wild as Anaheim scores two runs in the bottom of the ninth to beat the Giants, 6-5.
http://imagesource.allposters.com:80/images/pic/PHOTOFILE/AADT038~
Anaheim-Angels-Rally-Monkey--Photofile.jpg
    2003 - Insisting the corked bat, designed to put on home run displays during batting practice, was accidentally used in the Devil Rays' game, Cubs' slugger Sammy Sosa is suspended for eight games by Major League Baseball. Bob Watson, baseball's vice president of on-field operations, agreed the Chicago's outfielder use of an illegal bat was an "isolated incident," but one that still deserved a penalty.
    2004 – Phylicia Rashad became the first African-American actress to win a Tony award for a leading dramatic role in a revival of “A Raisin in the Sun.”
    2005 - In Gonzalez v. Raich, the Supreme Court upheld a federal law banning cannabis, including medical marijuana.
    2014 - Telecom company Vodafone, an original investor in Verizon Wireless, reported that certain nations allow authorities direct access to citizen communications data without a warrant.  The company is prohibited from revealing the names of these nations.

NBA Finals Champions:
1976 - Boston Celtics